Vol 102, No 3 (2023)

Introduction. The aim of the study was to analyze the quantitative relationship between the perceived intensity of the odours and its “offensiveness” (“annoyance potential”) in experimental organoleptic studies using the example of various perfumery aromatic compositions.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies were carried out on the example of 22 perfume compositions (aromatic fragrances) used in the production of perfumery and cosmetic products. In total, 440 odorimetric measurements were carried out as part of the experiment. Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the software Statistica for windows “StatSoft’ v. 7.0.

Results. The linear association was revealed (R = 0.844; p = 0.0000008) between the perceived intensity of the aromatic compositions’ odour and its offensiveness (“annoyance potential”), defined as the percentage of positive responses; and the moderate linear association (R = 0.472; p=0.026) between the intensity of the odour and the sense of annoyance caused thereby, expressed in points. At the same time, a subjective assessment of the odour as annoying increases the likelihood of a higher assessment of its intensity.

Limitation. The limitations of this study are associated with a relatively small number of participants, as well as the use of a relatively new method for recording the effects of odour stimuli, which requires additional testing.

Conclusion. The intensity of the perceived odour was established to be an indicator that reflects not only its strength (concentration), but also a subjective attitude to it, reliably reflecting the degree of annoyance (feeling of “offensiveness”) by the odour present in the air, and, accordingly, can be taken as a base for establishing air quality criteria by odour in the environment.

Compliance with ethical standards. The consent of the local ethics committee of the Centre for Strategic Planning of FMBA of Russia was obtained for the conduct of the research (protocol No. 3 dated August 17, 2020).

Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Budarina O.V. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;
Andryushin I.B. — collection and processing of material, writing the text, statistical analysis;
Khripach L.V. — correlation analysis, editing;
Goshin M.E. — working with terminology, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Аcknowledgement. The study was carried out within the framework of the state research program No. 388-00102-20-02.

Received: January 31, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: March 31, 2023

Introduction. There are considered drinking and mineral waters in terms of homeostatic action (hormesis) of water-soluble silicon and the trends of its biological activity and possible negative effects on the human body.

Materials and methods. In studied waters the concentration of the systemic homeostatic regulator — peroxide anion-radical was measured by the kinetic chemiluminescent method. The water biological activity was assessed by the extrasubstrate synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by the ATP synthase of microorganisms E.Coli K12 TG1(pF1) with built-in genes for the complete CDABE lux operon of the bacteria V. fischeri 6E luminescent system. The parametrization of the water structural-energy state was carried out according to the cryophysical capillary technique. The study object were low-mineralized drinking water packed in 9-liter polymer containers with an initial silicon content of 12 mg/dm³.

Results. The hormetic effect of silicon waters due to self-induction of peroxide anion radicals in water manifests itself in the form of mitochondrial activity and enzyme complexes stimulation, accompanied by activation of the central nervous system, maintenance of nonspecific immunity, and the reproductive system functioning. The degree of silicon water beneficial effect due to the electron-donor and regulatory action of peroxide anion-radicals associates, depends on activation processes during the production and drinking water storage.

Limitations. Recommendations for maintaining the biological activity of silica waters do not go beyond the limits established by existing regulatory documents on the safety of drinking waters.

Conclusion. The levels of radical anion peroxide production (2.6–5.2 μg/dm³), obtained in the course of this study, correspond to the maximum changes in the biological activity of water activation in the range of 1.4–3.0 (relative to the control — distilled water) in the mode of implementing the conditions of non-local activation. With long-term storage in a polymer container, the ability to activate is lost — such water becomes biologically inert. 

Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Stekhin A.A. — the design of the study, verification of critical content, writing the text, approval of the final version of the article;
Yakovleva G.V. — scientific editorial staff of the manuscript text, data processing;
Nikiforova T.I. — a review of publications on the study.
All co-authors — responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: December 7, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. The problem of the presence of silicon in water sources and drinking water remains relevant, since there is still no sufficient understanding of the role of silicon contained in drinking water in the prevention and development of human diseases, there is no consensus on the need to establish hygienic maximum concentration limits for silicon and the feasibility of monitoring the silicon content in water. There are two opposing points of view on the effect of silicon presented in drinking water: on its definitely positive effects, and on its negative impact on human health. None of these points of view is fully confirmed and definitively proven.

Literature Search Methods. Literature search methods on Scopus, CyberLeninka, PubMed databases: selective, analytical-synthetic, typological.

The main part. The review provides evidence of the importance of controlling the content of silicon in drinking water. The results of a number of studies devoted to assessing the ability of silicon supplied with drinking water to counteract the toxic effect of aluminum on brain tissue, thus reducing the risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, are considered. Examples are given of studying the possible relationship between silicon content in drinking water and an increase in cases of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (on the examples of India and Indonesia), and the data on the negative health effects of long-term drinking of silicon-containing water in the silicon province of Chuvashia. Information is also given on the content of silicon in the water of water sources and drinking water in the Russian Federation and abroad, also the currently used methods for the analytical control of silicon in water.

Conclusion. The problem of the content and control of silicon in drinking water and water sources includes many unresolved issues, which will be considered by the joint actions of toxicologists, epidemiologists, chemists, specialists in hygiene and sanitary protection of water bodies.

Contribution:
Rakhmanin Yu.A. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article; 
Mikhailova R.I. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Egorova N.A. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing text, editing;
Ryzhova I.N. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material;
Kochetkova M.G. — collection and processing of material, approval of the final version of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: February 2, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2022 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. Maintaining the health in military personnel is impossible without hygienic training, education and sanitary education, for which it is necessary to conduct research that allows updating the knowledge base and ways to bring them to the military. 

Materials and methods. In February–April 2022, a cross-sectional medical and social study was carried out by interviewing military personnel serving under a contract. The volume of the sample population was 352 people. The effect of independent factors on the targets was evaluated by regression analysis using the method of constructing polynomial logistic regression. 

Results. Information about reasons of the most common diseases among military personnel in the region was not important for 39.8%, and information about prevention these diseases — for 33% of respondents. When asked about the frequency of hygienic education classes, the 55.9% of respondents noted the frequency of 1 once a month and less often. The most convenient form of communicating information in the hygienic education system, 33.8% of respondents chose a lecture format, another 31.3% indicated a way to disseminate information through the Internet site. For 45.2% of respondents, information about respiratory diseases was most relevant at the time of the survey. The importance of knowledge about reasons of the most common diseases among military personnel was influenced by marital status, monthly income, number of children, frequency of alcohol consumption, presence of chronic diseases, and weight of military personnel. The assessment of the importance of knowledge about the prevention of these diseases was significantly influenced by military rank and frequency of alcohol consumption. 

Limitations. The volume of a sample of 352 contracted servicemen serving in the Severodvinsk garrison; climatogeographic features of the region; cross-sectional nature of the study. 

Conclusion. The obtained data make it possible to justify the need to modernize the existing system of hygienic education, including creating specialized Internet resources, and using modern marketing achievements to create the necessary motivation for military personnel. The existing nature of planning training in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation requires its correction, taking into account the importance of the issue of forming a healthy behaviour among military personnel.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Northern State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association in the 2013 edition.

Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Dybin A.S. — study concept and design, data processing, statistical processing, text writing;
Popov A.N., Zhdanov A.A., Mavrenkov E.M. — modification, editing;
Shapovalov P.Yu. — material collection and data processing, text writing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: September 10, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. This study is relevant due to the practice’s need for physiologically adequate criteria for diagnosing the state of the hearing organ of personnel exposed to the cumulative effects of high-intensity pulsed low-frequency noise.

The aim of the study was the theoretical and experimental substantiation of the criteria for diagnosing the state of the hearing organ according to the results of the study of the acoustic reflex.

Materials and methods. Using the two-microphone technique of acoustic measurements, experimental studies of changes in the acoustic reflex were carried out in representatives of the experimental (subjected to cumulative effects of high-intensity pulsed low-frequency noise, n=5) and control (not subjected to such effects, n=12) groups. A total of 256 measurements were made within 6 days (191 in the control group and 65 in the experimental group) before exposure (background) and at the end of the working day. The measurement results were processed using methods of mathematical statistics: tests to determine outliers in the data set, estimates of the coefficient of variation, standard deviation, and boundaries of the 99% confidence interval of changes in the studied indicators were calculated.

Results. Studies of the effect of high-intensity impulse noise on the organ of hearing showed that with minor changes in the threshold of the acoustic reflex, significant changes in the similarity coefficient were recorded in the experimental group, compared with the control group, which indicates its diagnostic informativeness. In the future, to establish new hygienic standards for regulation the load of high-intensity impulse noise, more extensive studies of the acoustic reflex threshold and the similarity coefficient are needed, as the most informative and sensitive methods for assessing adverse effects.

The limitations of the study are determined by its focus on use in screening medical examinations of personnel exposed to the cumulative effects of high-intensity low-frequency impulse noise.

Conclusion. The obtained results demonstrate the potential for studying the acoustic reflex threshold as an objective approach to early detection and prediction of negative changes in the state of the hearing organ of personnel exposed to the cumulative effect of high-intensity low-frequency impulse noise.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the local ethics committee of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center FMBA of Russia.

Contributions:
Dragan S.P. — the concept and design of the study, the collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text;
Olenina I.V. — collection of material and data processing, writing the text;
Bogomolov A.V. — data processing, writing and editing text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: October 10, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. Control of distribution of aerosol particle by size in the workplace area is one of the important problems of hygiene. To assess health effect of aerosol particles in workers, it is necessary to improve existing and introduce new methods for analyzing the dispersion and chemical composition of aerosols, including their nanosized constituents.

Materials and methods. Generated lead oxide nanoparticles with an average diameter of 26.2±12.6 nm were sampled on 47-mm nylon membrane disc filters with a pore size of 0.2 µm and 1.2 µm. The experimental device represented a cascade system consisting of two membrane filters, where the first filter was intended for capturing nanoparticles while the second one was used for establishing the capture efficiency of the first. The sampling time for the cascade systems was 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 80 minutes for filters with a pore size of 0.2 µm and 5, 10, 20, and 120 minutes for those with a 1.2 µm pore size; in all cases, the volumetric flow rate was 1.5 L/min. The membrane surface was then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy.

Results. Lead oxide nanoparticles were found on all filters tested. They were evenly distributed over the entire effective filter area, their number increasing with air sampling duration. No nanoparticles were observed on the second level filters, regardless of the sampling period.

Limitations. The results cannot be extrapolated to all types of nanoparticles since the capacity of polyamide/nylon filters was studied only with respect to lead oxide nanoparticles.

Conclusion. The study proved that polyamide/nylon filters with the pore sizes of 0.2 µm and 1.2 µm have a high potential for nanoparticle capture and can be considered as a tool for developing new techniques of studying and controlling harmful factors.

Compliance with ethical standards. Ethics approval was not required for this study.

Contribution:
Shelomentsev I.G. — study conception and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, writing text;
Gomzikova E.A. — literature review, data collection, analysis and interpretation of results, writing text.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 16, 2023 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. During the apprenticeship, students training as secretaries are exposed to a complex of professional and industrial factors that cause functional changes in the body.

Materials and methods. Thirty 18-19 years girls were divided according to the Eysenck’s psychological types of personality and to Strelau theory into more adapted and less adapted groups, Heart rhythm variability, mental and physical capabilities, the lability of the visual analyzer, and the psycho-emotional state were evaluated at the beginning and the end of apprenticeship.

Results. Trend in heart rate variability in the group of less and more adapted cases differed: the total power of the TR spectrum (ms²) decreased by 50.4% in the group of more adapted, by 54.48% in the group of less adapted. The stress index was 126.9% in the group of more adapted, and 131.9% in the group of the less adapted students. After the apprenticeship work, efficiency decreased by 31.3%, the degree of workability increased by 25.0%, mental stability fell by 16.9%.

After the apprenticeship, students’ well-being according to the Scores of Well-being, Activity, Mood (WAM) decreased by 24.5% (p<0.001), activity decreased by 21.6% (p<0.001); mood worsened by 7.4%. Before work practice, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) was 43.4±0.3 Hz, and after it 39.6 ± 0.4 Hz (p<0.001).

Limitations. The study was limited to a sample of students learning as secretaries, by age, gender and apprenticeship duration.

Conclusion. Heart rate variability indicators reflect the tension of regulatory systems in the process of learning practical skills, caused by the occurrence of situations in apprenticeship conditions, which indicates the need of improving methodological approaches to its management, purposeful development of the first key professionally significant functions from the beginning of training, the implementation of physical exercises during the physical education classes, taking into account the specifics of the future profession. A more discernible degree of tension in the regulation processes in the group of less adapted students (a decrease in the total power of the TR spectrum (ms²) by 54.48% and an increase in IN by 31.9% in this group), and the psycho-emotional state of secretaries-referents, requires a personalized approach to apprenticeship managing.

Сompliance with ethical standards. the study protocol was approved by the independent Ethics Committee of the Kuban State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (4, Mitrofan Sedin St., Krasnodar, Russia), Protocol No. 73 dated 01/25/2019.

Patient consent. Each participant of the study (or his/her legal representative) gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Kuchma V.R. — the conception and design of the study, editing;
Kiyok O.V. — the concept and design of the study, the collection of material and data processing, statistical processing, writing the text, editing;
Pokrovskiy V.M. — the concept and design of the study, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: November 7, 2022 / Accepted: December 8, 2022 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. To assess the risk of exposure to mycotoxins contaminating fruit and berry products, it is necessary, as a mandatory step, to identify mold fungi growing on fruits, determine their levels and conditions that contribute to the formation of their toxigenic potential. This is relevant in relation to the group of such food products as fresh berries and fruits until now little studied in this aspect.

Materials and methods. Contamination of berries and fruits with mold fungi was studied by cultural methods with micro- and macromorphological identification of species. Mycotoxins (MT) were determined by UHPLC-MS/MS in multi-detection format (28 MT).

Results. In eighty seven samples of berries and fruits without signs of deterioration, there were studied the species composition of mycoflora, its quantitative levels and the content of MT. In most samples (80%), the mold content and total microbial contamination did not exceed the established standard values for similar processed fruit and berry products (quick frozen). The samples of strawberry were the most contaminated, the least — plum and dogwood. Analysis of the taxonomic composition of the epiphytic mycoflora showed the dominance of fungi of the genus Alternaria (gooseberry, currant and plum); Aspergillus sp. (Strawberry); mushrooms of the order Mucorales (raspberries). However, during chemical analysis, dangerous fusariotoxins were found in samples of strawberries, red currants and plums, the producers of which are Fusarium sp. were noted not to be found in the surface microflora. In general, dangerous MTs (fusariotoxins, patulin, aflatoxins, ochratoxin B) and emergent MTs (alternaritoxins, bovericin, enniatines, etc.) were found in berries and fruits, the levels of which were below the levels normalized in food products. A comparison was made of the levels of microbial contamination in fresh berries and fruits and those subjected to technological processing (convection drying and shock freezing). It is shown that the microbiological purity of products with such processing methods is mainly ensured by the quality of food raw materials, since the conditions of convection drying and shock freezing do not lead to microflora inactivation.

Limitations. Within the framework of the study, the species affiliation of MSIs was carried out by mycological methods without the use of PCR analysis, which will be the subject of further research.

Conclusion. The absence of visible spoilage of berries and fruits has been shown to no mean the absence of MT in them, and mycotoxigenic molds may not be detected in the mycoflora of fruits. Contamination of fruit and berry products with a wide range of regulated and emerging MTs was revealed, which confirms the need for an in-depth study of the contamination of these types of products with mycotoxins that are hazardous to human health, with the aim of subsequent assessment of the risk of their entry into the human body.

Compliance with ethical standards. This study does not require the conclusion of a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.

Contribution:
Minaeva L.P. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of materials of microbiological studies and of the results of phenotypic identification of molds, writing and editing of the manuscript, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Evsjukova A.D. — collection and processing of materials of microbiological studies and of the results of phenotypic identification of molds;
Koltsov V.А. — collection and provision of samples for research, technological processing of samples;
Zhidekhina T.V. — development of the concept of selection of varieties of fruits and berries obtained using modern resource-saving agricultural technologies, sampling of fruits and berries;
Sedova I.B., Chalyy Z.A. — collection and processing of material UHPLC-MS/MS research results;
Efimochkina N.R. — sampling, collection and processing of material of microbiological studies;
Sheveleva S.A. — agreement of the research concept, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Acknowledgement. The authors express their gratitude to the staff of the Laboratory of Biosafety and Analysis of the Nutrimicrobiome of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science “Federal Research Center for Nutrition and Biotechnology”, who took part in the collection of primary material of microbiological research; Mikhail Yu. Akimov Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “I.V. Michurin Federal Scientific Center” for organizing the collection and transfer of research objects. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Funding. The study was supported by a grant from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 18-16-00077-P) “Emergent mycotoxins in food products of plant origin: development of methods of analysis, study of contamination, species characteristics of micromycetes-producers, development of hygienic standards”.

Received: November 7, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

Introduction. The study of the effects of the long-term effect of the active substances of pesticides on the body of warm-blooded animals is an obligatory stage of their comprehensive toxicological and hygienic assessment.

The aim of the study was to establish the levels of inactive doses of the effects of the long-term (NOEL) action of a compound of the oxatiine class.

Materials and methods. In accordance with the planned purpose of the study in the biological testing laboratory of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing еxperiments were conducted to establish the parameters of acute oral toxicity, the presence of possible teratogenic and embryotoxic effects, and the effect on the reproductive function of a technical product of the oxatiin class (TPO) on the body of warm-blooded (rats). Previously, studies in this volume have not been conducted.

Results. LD₅₀ of the studied compound with a single oral administration to male rats is more than 4500 mg/kg of body weight. When studying the embryotoxic effect, the inactive dose for the maternal organism and offspring is set at the level of — 1/52 LD₅₀; the inactive dose for the teratogenic effect for the maternal organism is 1/52 LD₅₀, offspring — 1/27 LD₅₀. As a result of studying the effect of the oxatiine derivative on the indicators of reproductive function, the inactive dose for maternal, paternal organisms, and offspring, is 1/313 LD₅₀.

Limitations. In our study to establish the levels of inactive doses of the long-term effects of toxicity of a technical product derived from oxatiines, there are no data on the results of the mutagenic effect of the studied compound on the body of warm-blooded (rats, mice).

Conclusion. It has been established that according to the “Hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals according to the degree of danger” (Methodological Recommendations of MP No. 1.2.0235-21* dated 02/15/2022), the studied chemical product belongs to the 4th hazard class for acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀) and teratogenic effect (low-hazard compound; for embryotoxic effect and reproductive toxicity to the 3rd hazard class (moderately dangerous compound).

Compliance with ethical standards. The conduct of the study was approved by the commission of the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation (Protocol of the meeting No. 9 dated 15.09.2022).

Contribution:
Rakitskii V.N., Kuzmin S.V. — the concept and design of the study, editing;
Mukhina E.A. — conducting an experiment, collection and statistical processing of primary material;
Epishina T.M. — conducting an experiment, collection and statistical processing of primary material, writing text, compiling a list of references;
Chkhvirkia E.G. — writing text, compilation of the list of references.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: September 8, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

* Methodological recommendations. MP No. 1.2.0235–21 of 03/15/2021 Hygienic classification of pesticides and agrochemicals according to the degree of danger. Moscow: 2021; 13 p.

Introduction. Creating a comfortable urban environment includes the absence of a threat to the environment and population health. By accumulating pollutants, soil in urban ecosystems protects adjacent environments from pollution, but if the pollution reaches high level the soil itself becomes a source of danger.

Material and methods. In this work the assessment of the risk for public health associated with urban soils pollution for the cities Kolchugino, Vladimir Region and Dubna, Moscow Region, whose soils significantly different of heavy metal (HM) level pollution was executed in accordance with R 2.1.10.1920–04. 

Risk calculations were carried out on the base of the actual data of heavy metals concentrations in the soil, and also the data of predicted levels soil pollution (after 50 and 100 years). 

Results. Carcinogenic risk for the health of adult population in the cities Kolchugino and Dubna with peroral intake of heavy metals both now and if the level pollution will be changed as a result of the atmospheric emission pollutants during the calculated period (50, 100 years were characterized as a minimum (De minimis) risk. Risk for population health with inhalation of heavy metals was characterized as an average level on the 25% of Dubna territories. 

The total carcinogenic risk for the health of adult population in the course of heavy metals soil pollution on the whole territory in the city Kolchugino and in 47% of cases in the city Dubna were characterized above an acceptable level. If the current level of aerogenic pollutants is maintained, the area of cities with an unacceptable level of risk will be increase.

Limitations. The paper assesses the carcinogenic risk as the probability of developing the most socially significant adverse effect of the environmental impact on health.

Conclusion. It is necessary to carry out measures for the remediation of soils in the city Kolchugino Vladimir Region and reduce the flow of pollutants into the soils of the cities Kolchugino and Dubna.

Compliance with ethical standards. The Local ethics committee of the North-West Public Health Research Center approved this study carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Kamanina I.Z. — the concept of the study, collection material and data processing, statistical processing, writing a text, editing;
Kaplina S.P. — statistical data processing, data description and analysis, writing a text;
Makarov O.A. — the concept of the study, writing a text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 31, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

The article presents a historical analysis of the development of the museum at the Institute of Hygiene at the Devichye Pole and its use in the educational process with students. There is shown the leading role of F.F. Erisman in the formation of this museum, opened in 1890 at the Institute of Hygiene of the Imperial Moscow University. Main factors that influenced the expansion of the museum exposition in the pre-war years were established to be the inclusion of the I Moscow Medical Institute in 1935. The Institute of the Organization of Health and Social Hygiene, together with its museum fund, and the completion of construction in 1936 of the superstructure over the building of the Institute of Hygiene, in connection with which the total construction cubic capacity of its four-storey building exceeded 62 000 m³ and provided the necessary premises for all units located in it. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), the building of the Institute of Hygiene was mothballed and subsequently needed for the repairment. The expositions in it after the war were transferred to the medical museums of Moscow. Taking into account the importance of the museum exposition in the educational process with students, in 2020 the museum was recreated at the F.F. Erisman Institute of Public Health of the Sechenov University and continues to be successfully used by preventive departments in the educational process.

Contribution:
Briko N.I. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing the article;
Reshetnikov V.A. — research design, material collection, text writing;
Tregubov V.N., Mitrokhin O.V. — material collection and data processing, text writing.
All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: September 19, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023

28 марта 2023 г. исполнилось 70 лет доктору медицинских наук, профессору, члену-корреспонденту РАН Сергею Анатольевичу Хотимченко.