Interfascial blockages. How they work and their place in clinical practice. Narrative review

Fascial plane blocks have become popular in the past decade. They are widely used, as they look like easy to do, and have an attractive balance between benefits vs risks. Nevertheless, these techniques remain poorly understood due to lack of fundamental anatomical studies and multicenter randomized controlled trials. The purpose of our study was an nalytical assessment of the current state of clinical trials of fascial blocks and their use in clinical practice. We searched for available publications by keywords in Russian and English in PubMed, Elibrary and CyberLeninka systems. At the end of 2024, 1833 sources were found in PubMed using the keyword "fascial block", 276 articles were found in Elibrary, CyberLeninka using the keywords "fascial blocks" and "inter-fascial blocks" in Russian. The first descriptions of the techniques of these blocks and the first results in English were published in the late 90s of the 20th century, but most publications, including in Russian, have been publicized in the last 9-10 years. Few articles provide anatomical justification of fascial blocks. Most of the articles are devoted to the different techniques in clinical practice. Minimal complications and adverse events are reported.  We found despite the widespread in the clinic, interfacial blockades remain poorly understood. Complications and adverse events are not well described. Additional studies are required, including randomized multicenter studies.