Participation of microorganisms in the balance of high-molecular organic compounds in the highly productive system of the Chernavka salt river (Prieltonya region)

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Abstract

In the shallow Chernavka River, which flows into the self-sedimentary Lake Elton, the intensity of primary production of phototrophic communities was determined: planktonic – from 0.025 to 0.256 mg C / l ∙ h, benthic – from 9.6 to 12.5 mg C / dm3 ∙ h, algal planktonic and cyanobacterial mats – from 4.6 to 8.76 mg C / dm3 ∙ h. The intensity of dark assimilation of carbon dioxide in water varied from 14 to 31.8 mg C / l ∙ day, and in sediments from 2.6 to 69 mg C / dm3 ∙ day, indicating a high variability of heterotrophic processes. High concentrations of organic compounds were found in surface waters, which for lipids, aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons averaged 692, 80 and 0.79 μg/l, respectively. The composition of aliphatic hydrocarbons in sediments was characterized by the presence of planktonic low-molecular homologues n-C15–C17 and a sharp increase in the series of odd high-molecular alkanes, and the composition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was characterized by an increase in the proportion of naphthalene. The resulting bottom sediment library was dominated by 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to the phyla Pseudomonadota (69.09%), Bacteroidota (11.64%) and Chloroflexota (7.92%).

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About the authors

T. A. Kanapatskiy

Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: timkanap@yandex.ru

Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119071

I. A. Nemirovskaya

P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117218

A. V. Khramtsova

P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow, 117218

T. L. Babich

Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru

Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119071

I. I. Rusanov

Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru

Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119071

E. E. Zakharova

Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru

Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119071

N. V. Pimenov

Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: timkanap@yandex.ru

Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119071

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Map of the location of sampling stations.

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3. Fig. 2. Primary production in planktonic communities, μg C/l ∙ h (a); benthic (st. 1 and st. 2), algal (st. 4.1) and cyanobacterial (st. 4.2) communities (μg C/dm3 ∙ h) (b). The dots indicate the biomass of phototrophic communities with values ​​on the right axis (st. 4.1 – no data), mg hlf a/l and mg hlf a/m2.

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4. Fig. 3. Dark assimilation of carbon dioxide (DAC) in the Chernavka River in plankton, benthic communities and bottom sediments, mg C/l ∙ day for water and mg C/dm3 ∙ day for sediments. 1 – station 1; 2 – station 2; 3 – station 3; 4 – station 4.1; 5 – station 4.2.

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5. Fig. 4. Composition of alkanes at individual stations in surface waters (a): 1 – station 1; 2 – station 2; 3 – station 4.2 and in the surface layer of bottom sediments (b): 4 – station 1 (horizon 0–1); 5 – station 2 (0–1); 6 – station 4.2 (horizon 0–2).

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6. Fig. 5. Distribution in bottom sediments (a): 1 – AHC and 2 – Corg with burial depth; composition of PAHs at individual horizons (b): 3 – st. 1 (horizon 0–2); 4 – st. 2 (horizon 0–1); 5 – st. 3 (horizon 0–2); 6 – st. 4.2 (horizons 2–5). Designations: NAP – naphthalene; 1-MeNAP – 1-methylnaphthalene; 2-MeNAP – 2-methylnaphthalene; ACNP – acenaphthene; FLR – fluorene; PHEN – phenanthrene; ANTR – anthracene; FL – fluoranthene; PR – pyrene; BaN – benz(a)anthracene; CR – chrysene; BeP – benz(e)pyrene; BBF – benz(b)fluoranthene; BkF – benz(k)fluoranthene; BaP – benz(a)pyrene; DBA – dibenz(a,h)anthracene; BPL – benz(g,h,i)perylene; INP – indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene; PRL – perylene.

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7. Fig. 6. Heat map of the diversity of the prokaryotic community in the bottom sediment sample of the Chernavka River at the level of the most represented phyla based on the results of high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The color transition from red to green corresponds to an increase in the relative content of individual phyla in the library from less represented to more represented. The numbers indicate the % of the total number of sequences in the library.

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8. Fig. 7. Distribution of bacteria at the level of families (a) and genera (b) in the library of a sample from the bottom sediments of the Chernavka River based on the results of high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene (the percentage of occurrence in the library is more than 1%).

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9. Fig. 8. Calculation of the formation of OM (under 1 m2) in the water column (highlighted in blue), benthic communities (highlighted in green), algal community of station 4.1 (shaded area).

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