Периоперационная профилактика постмастэктомического болевого синдрома: обзор литературы



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Аннотация

Хронический болевой синдром после операции по поводу рака молочной железы, определяемый как постмастэктомический болевой синдром (ПМБС) — состояние, при котором по статистике около 60% пациентов ощущают боль низкой степени интенсивности на протяжении трёх–шести месяцев после операции в области вмешательства, а 15–25% пациентов страдают от боли умеренной или высокой степени интенсивности. Цель обзора — анализ литературных источников, имеющих актуальные данные о методах анестезии и аналгезии, используемых с целью профилактики ПМБС, а также анализ исследований, посвящённых новым периоперационным и послеоперационным методам профилактики ПМБС.

Авторами был проведён поиск и обзор литературы в базах данных PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Google Scholar и ScienceDirect. В обзор были включены исследования, опубликованные в период с 2014 по 2024 год, в которых исследуемая популяция представлена взрослым женским населением, перенёсшим мастэктомию по поводу рака молочной железы или с целью профилактики рисков возникновения онкологии. Кроме того, в обзор включили данные о фармакологических и регионарных анестезиологических методах профилактики ПМБС в течение 3 месяцев и более после операции.

Регионарные блокады как метод интраоперационной анестезии продемонстрировали высокую эффективность и хороший анальгезирующий эффект при проведении мастэктомии, снижая частоту применения опиоидных анальгетиков, однако данные о их эффективности для профилактики ПМБС остаются неоднозначными. Исследования эффективности блокады грудного нерва (PECs II) для снижения частоты болевого синдрома после операций при раке молочной железы не выявили статистически значимых различий в частоте возникновения ПМБС через 3 и 6 месяцев после операции между группами пациентов. В сравнении с кетамином и лидокаином, прегабалин демонстрирует большую эффективность в отношении профилактики хронического болевого синдрома. Однако он эффективен в краткосрочной перспективе, тогда как долгосрочные перспективы требуют дальнейших исследований. Физиотерапевтические методы не привели к значительным улучшениям в сравнении с традиционными методами, что может быть связано с небольшой выборкой исследований. Психотерапевтические методы, такие как когнитивно-поведенческая терапия и гипноз, показали свою эффективность в снижении восприятия боли и стрессовых состояний в периоперационный период.

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Об авторах

Азат Айратович Муртазин

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: olofb@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-4491-9495
SPIN-код: 2792-6429
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Аделия Маратовна Гафарова

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: adeliya12@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-8593-5754
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Ильдар Ильдусович Лутфарахманов

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: lutfarakhmanov@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5829-5054
SPIN-код: 8047-1348

д-р мед. наук, доцент

Россия, Уфа, Россия

Арина Ильдаровна Абдрахимова

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: arinaildarovna@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-4612-3724
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Алсу Рамильевна Ханова

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: alsukhanova1@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-8379-3601
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Рамзиль Ринатович Юсупов

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: ramzil3870@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-5970-4901
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Сердар Байрамов

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: serdarbay1704@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-8883-5411
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Кирилл Андреевич Стрельцов

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Email: t.milord@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-9026-7086
Россия, Уфа, Россия

Карина Сагитовна Искандарова

Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, Уфа, Россия

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: karina67895@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0826-257X
Россия, Уфа, Россия

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