Influence of anesthesia methods on the immune system of patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal organs

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Abstract

Modern anesthesia, based on the use of halogenated hydrocarbons, nitrogen monoxide, or xenon, cannot fully ensure the interruption of nociceptive impulses at the level of the stem and spinal and subcortical formations, which caused vegetative and metabolic signs related to pain. To prevent the negative effects of pain, additional methods are used, including intraoperative analgesia and regional blockades. This study was conducted to assess the effects of various types of anesthesia, including epidural blockade, on the parameters of the immune system in patients with cancer. A total of 438 patients with malignant neoplasms of the abdominal organs were examined. In these patients, levels of cytokines (such as tumor necrosis-alpha and interleukin-6) and T-lymphocytes of various clusters of differentiation in the blood were measured. Impaired cytokine balance in patients with oncological diseases of the abdominal cavity was accompanied by the formation of suppression of cellular immunity in the postoperative period. Measurements revealed immunosuppression that was largely dependent on the type of anesthesia used. Cellular parameters with the greatest relationship with immunity were preserved during combined anesthesia, including epidural blockade.

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About the authors

M. I. Neimark

Altai State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: sayat68@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9135-6392
Russian Federation, 40, Lenina street, Barnaul, 656038

Sayat Z. Tanatarov

Non-profit Joint Stock Company “Semey Medical University”

Author for correspondence.
Email: sayat68@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8958-8768

MD, PhD, DSc, Assistant of the Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology, NJSC “Semey Medical University”

Kazakhstan, 071400, Semey city, 103 Abay street

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Dynamics of cytokine content in the examined groups

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3. Fig. 2. Some indicators of the cellular component of the immune system 3 days after surgery, depending on the method of anesthesia

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4. Fig. 3. Some indicators of the cellular component of the immune system 7 days after surgery, depending on the method of anesthesia

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