Antioxidants, Hormetic Nutrition, and Autism


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Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by atypical behaviors with two core pathological manifestations: deficits in social interaction/communication and repetitive behaviors, which are associated with disturbed redox homeostasis. Modulation of cellular resilience mechanisms induced by low levels of stressors represents a novel approach for the development of therapeutic strategies, and in this context, neuroprotective effects of a wide range of polyphenol compounds have been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo studies and thoroughly reviewed. Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for many years and have been associated with a long list of therapeutic properties, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Our recent studies have strikingly indicated the presence of polyphenols in nutritional mushrooms and demonstrated their protective effects in different models of neurodegenerative disorders in humans and rats. Although their therapeutic effects are exerted through multiple mechanisms, increasing attention is focusing on their capacity to induce endogenous defense systems by modulating cellular signaling processes such as nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Here we discuss the protective role of hormesis and its modulation by hormetic nutrients in ASD.

About the authors

Sergio Modafferi

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Gabriella Lupo

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Mario Tomasello

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Francesco Rampulla

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Marialaura Ontario

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Maria Scuto

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Angela Salinaro

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Antonio Arcidiacono

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

Carmelina Anfuso

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Maria Legmouz

Department of Biologie, Laboratory of Biologie and Health, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui

Department of Biologie, Laboratory of Biologie and Health, Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Agostino Palmeri

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Sestina Spano

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Francesca Biamonte

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Gaetano Cammilleri

Food Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, via Gino Marinuzzi

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Tilman Fritsch

, NAM-Institute

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Alena Sidenkova

Department of Psychiatry, Ural State Medical University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Edward Calabrese

Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Uwe Wenzel

Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus Liebig Universitat Giessen

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Vittorio Calabrese

Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania

Email: info@benthamscience.net

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