Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia and Plasma MnSOD Activity: Association with MnSOD Ala-9Val Variant: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial


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Abstract

Background:Excessive free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) scavenges free radicals, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). This study examined whether EGb761 treatment would improve TD symptoms and increase MnSOD activity, particularly in TD patients with specific MnSOD Val-9Ala genotype.

Methods:An EGb761 (240 mg/day) 12-week double-blind clinical trial with 157 TD patients was randomized. The severity of TD was measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and plasma MnSOD activity was assayed before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, in an expanded sample, we compared MnSOD activity in 159 TD, 227 non-TD and 280 healthy controls, as well as the allele frequencies and genotypes for the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism in 352 TD, 486 non-TD and 1150 healthy controls.

Results:EGb761 significantly reduced TD symptoms and increased MnSOD activity in TD patients compared to placebo (both p < 0.01). Moreover, we found an interaction between genotype and treatment response (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in the EGb761 group, patients carrying the Ala allele displayed a significantly lower AIMS total score than patients with the Val/Val genotype. In addition, MnSOD activity was significantly lower at baseline in TD patients compared with healthy controls or non-TD patients.

Conclusion:EGb761 treatment enhanced low MnSOD activity in TD patients and produced greater improvement in TD symptoms in patients with the Ala allele of the MnSOD Ala-9Val polymorphism.

About the authors

Dongmei Wang

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yang Tian

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jiajing Chen

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rongrong Zhu

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jiaxin Li

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Huixia Zhou

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Dachun Chen

, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Li Wang

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Thomas Kosten

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Xiang-Yang Zhang

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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