Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Reduction Therapies for Secondary Prevention in Patients with Stroke: A Network Meta-analysis


如何引用文章

全文:

详细

Background:Patients with previous strokes are at a higher risk of stroke recurrence. Current guidelines recommend a range of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering treatments to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. However, the optimal agent for decreasing LDL-C to lower the risk of recurrent stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the relative effects of various LDL-C -lowering agents for secondary stroke prevention.

Methods:Several databases were searched from inception up to 2022. Only randomized controlled trials that compared different LDL-C-lowering agents in adult patients with previous strokes were included. The primary endpoint was a recurrent stroke. The surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was also applied to estimate the overall ranking probability of the treatment agents for each outcome.

Results:Overall, nine trials comprising 17,226 patients were included. Ezetimibe plus statins (RR: 0.56, 95% CrI: 0.35-0.87) and statins alone (RR: 0.90, 95% CrI: 0.81-1.00) reduced the risk of stroke recurrence. Ezetimibe plus statins was superior to statins alone in decreasing the incidence of recurrent stroke (RR: 0.62, 95% CrI: 0.39-0.95). However, treatment with statins was related to an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke compared to placebo (RR: 1.57, 95% CrI: 1.13-2.21). All agents were related to a decreased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events.

Conclusion:Treatment with ezetimibe plus statins was suggested as the most efficacious in decreasing the incidence of recurrent stroke. The analysis also revealed that statin monotherapy was related to an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke.

作者简介

Xing Wang

West China Hospital, Sichuan University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jun Zheng

West China Hospital, Sichuan University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Yuqi Chen

West China Hospital, Sichuan University,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Chao You

West China Hospital, Sichuan University

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Lu Ma

West China Hospital, Sichuan University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

参考

  1. Saini, V.; Guada, L.; Yavagal, D.R. Global epidemiology of stroke and access to acute ischemic stroke interventions. Neurology., 2021, 97(S2), S6-S16. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012781 PMID: 34785599
  2. Johnson, C.O.; Nguyen, M.; Roth, G.A.; Nichols, E.; Alam, T.; Abate, D.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdelalim, A.; Abraha, H.N.; Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E.; Adebayo, O.M.; Adeoye, A.M.; Agarwal, G.; Agrawal, S.; Aichour, A.N.; Aichour, I.; Aichour, M.T.E.; Alahdab, F.; Ali, R.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Anber, N.H.; Anjomshoa, M.; Arabloo, J.; Arauz, A.; Ärnlöv, J.; Arora, A.; Awasthi, A.; Banach, M.; Barboza, M.A.; Barker-Collo, S.L.; Bärnighausen, T.W.; Basu, S.; Belachew, A.B.; Belayneh, Y.M.; Bennett, D.A.; Bensenor, I.M.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Biadgo, B.; Bijani, A.; Bikbov, B.; Bin Sayeed, M.S.; Butt, Z.A.; Cahuana-Hurtado, L.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castañeda-Orjuela, C.A.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Chaiah, Y.; Chiang, P.P-C.; Choi, J-Y.J.; Christensen, H.; Chu, D-T.; Cortinovis, M.; Damasceno, A.A.M.; Dandona, L.; Dandona, R.; Daryani, A.; Davletov, K.; de Courten, B.; De la Cruz-Góngora, V.; Degefa, M.G.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Diaz, D.; Dubey, M.; Duken, E.E.; Edessa, D.; Endres, M.; Faraon, E.J.A.; Farzadfar, F.; Fernandes, E.; Fischer, F.; Flor, L.S.; Ganji, M.; Gebre, A.K.; Gebremichael, T.G.; Geta, B.; Gezae, K.E.; Gill, P.S.; Gnedovskaya, E.V.; Gómez-Dantés, H.; Goulart, A.C.; Grosso, G.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, R.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hamidi, S.; Hankey, G.J.; Hassen, H.Y.; Hay, S.I.; Hegazy, M.I.; Heidari, B.; Herial, N.A.; Hosseini, M.A.; Hostiuc, S.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Islam, S.M.S.; Jahanmehr, N.; Javanbakht, M.; Jha, R.P.; Jonas, J.B.; Jozwiak, J.J.; Jürisson, M.; Kahsay, A.; Kalani, R.; Kalkonde, Y.; Kamil, T.A.; Kanchan, T.; Karch, A.; Karimi, N.; Karimi-Sari, H.; Kasaeian, A.; Kassa, T.D.; Kazemeini, H.; Kefale, A.T.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalil, I.A.; Khan, E.A.; Khang, Y-H.; Khubchandani, J.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y.J.; Kisa, A.; Kivimäki, M.; Koyanagi, A.; Krishnamurthi, R.K.; Kumar, G.A.; Lafranconi, A.; Lewington, S.; Li, S.; Lo, W.D.; Lopez, A.D.; Lorkowski, S.; Lotufo, P.A.; Mackay, M.T.; Majdan, M.; Majdzadeh, R.; Majeed, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Manafi, N.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mehndiratta, M.M.; Mehta, V.; Mengistu, G.; Meretoja, A.; Meretoja, T.J.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Miller, T.R.; Mirrakhimov, E.M.; Mohajer, B.; Mohammad, Y.; Mohammadoo-khorasani, M.; Mohammed, S.; Mohebi, F.; Mokdad, A.H.; Mokhayeri, Y.; Moradi, G.; Morawska, L.; Moreno Velásquez, I.; Mousavi, S.M.; Muhammed, O.S.S.; Muruet, W.; Naderi, M.; Naghavi, M.; Naik, G.; Nascimento, B.R.; Negoi, R.I.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nguyen, L.H.; Nirayo, Y.L.; Norrving, B.; Noubiap, J.J.; Ofori-Asenso, R.; Ogbo, F.A.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olagunju, T.O.; Owolabi, M.O.; Pandian, J.D.; Patel, S.; Perico, N.; Piradov, M.A.; Polinder, S.; Postma, M.J.; Poustchi, H.; Prakash, V.; Qorbani, M.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi, K.; Rahimi-Movaghar, V.; Rahman, M.; Rahman, M.A.; Reis, C.; Remuzzi, G.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Ricci, S.; Roberts, N.L.S.; Robinson, S.R.; Roever, L.; Roshandel, G.; Sabbagh, P.; Safari, H.; Safari, S.; Safiri, S.; Sahebkar, A.; Salehi Zahabi, S.; Samy, A.M.; Santalucia, P.; Santos, I.S.; Santos, J.V.; Santric Milicevic, M.M.; Sartorius, B.; Sawant, A.R.; Schutte, A.E.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Shafieesabet, A.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shams-Beyranvand, M.; Sheikh, A.; Sheth, K.N.; Shibuya, K.; Shigematsu, M.; Shin, M-J.; Shiue, I.; Siabani, S.; Sobaih, B.H.; Sposato, L.A.; Sutradhar, I.; Sylaja, P.N.; Szoeke, C.E.I.; Te Ao, B.J.; Temsah, M-H.; Temsah, O.; Thrift, A.G.; Tonelli, M.; Topor-Madry, R.; Tran, B.X.; Tran, K.B.; Truelsen, T.C.; Tsadik, A.G.; Ullah, I.; Uthman, O.A.; Vaduganathan, M.; Valdez, P.R.; Vasankari, T.J.; Vasanthan, R.; Venketasubramanian, N.; Vosoughi, K.; Vu, G.T.; Waheed, Y.; Weiderpass, E.; Weldegwergs, K.G.; Westerman, R.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Wondafrash, D.Z.; Xu, G.; Yadollahpour, A.; Yamada, T.; Yatsuya, H.; Yimer, E.M.; Yonemoto, N.; Yousefifard, M.; Yu, C.; Zaidi, Z.; Zamani, M.; Zarghi, A.; Zhang, Y.; Zodpey, S.; Feigin, V.L.; Vos, T.; Murray, C.J.L. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke, 1990–2016: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol., 2019, 18(5), 439-458. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(19)30034-1 PMID: 30871944
  3. Mohan, K.M.; Wolfe, C.D.A.; Rudd, A.G.; Heuschmann, P.U.; Kolominsky-Rabas, P.L.; Grieve, A.P. Risk and cumulative risk of stroke recurrence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Stroke., 2011, 42(5), 1489-1494. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.602615 PMID: 21454819
  4. Amarenco, P.; Lavallée, P.C.; Monteiro Tavares, L.; Labreuche, J.; Albers, G.W.; Abboud, H.; Anticoli, S.; Audebert, H.; Bornstein, N.M.; Caplan, L.R.; Correia, M.; Donnan, G.A.; Ferro, J.M.; Gongora-Rivera, F.; Heide, W.; Hennerici, M.G.; Kelly, P.J.; Král, M.; Lin, H.F.; Molina, C.; Park, J.M.; Purroy, F.; Rothwell, P.M.; Segura, T.; Školoudík, D.; Steg, P.G.; Touboul, P.J.; Uchiyama, S.; Vicaut, É.; Wang, Y.; Wong, L.K.S. Five-year risk of stroke after TIA or minor ischemic stroke. N. Engl. J. Med., 2018, 378(23), 2182-2190. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1802712 PMID: 29766771
  5. Hoshino, T.; Uchiyama, S.; Wong, L.K.S.; Kitagawa, K.; Charles, H.; Labreuche, J.; Lavallée, P.C.; Albers, G.W.; Caplan, L.R.; Donnan, G.A.; Ferro, J.M.; Hennerici, M.G.; Molina, C.; Rothwell, P.M.; Steg, P.G.; Touboul, P.J.; Vicaut, É.; Amarenco, P. Five-year prognosis after TIA or minor ischemic stroke in asian and non-asian populations. Neurology., 2021, 96(1), e54-e66. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000010995 PMID: 33046613
  6. Heuschmann, P.U.; Kircher, J.; Nowe, T.; Dittrich, R.; Reiner, Z.; Cifkova, R.; Malojcic, B.; Mayer, O.; Bruthans, J.; Wloch-Kopec, D.; Prugger, C.; Heidrich, J.; Keil, U. Control of main risk factors after ischaemic stroke across Europe: Data from the stroke-specific module of the EUROASPIRE III survey. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol., 2015, 22(10), 1354-1362. doi: 10.1177/2047487314546825 PMID: 25139770
  7. Hackam, D.G.; Hegele, R.A. Cholesterol lowering and prevention of stroke. Stroke., 2019, 50(2), 537-541. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023167 PMID: 30602355
  8. Amarenco, P.; Lavallée, P.; Touboul, P.J. Stroke prevention, blood cholesterol, and statins. Lancet Neurol., 2004, 3(5), 271-278. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00734-3 PMID: 15099541
  9. Aradine, E.; Hou, Y.; Cronin, C.A.; Chaturvedi, S. Current status of dyslipidemia treatment for stroke prevention. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep., 2020, 20(8), 31. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01052-4 PMID: 32572590
  10. Khan, S.U.; Talluri, S.; Riaz, H.; Rahman, H.; Nasir, F.; Bin Riaz, I.; Sattur, S.; Ahmed, H.; Kaluski, E.; Krasuski, R. A Bayesian network meta-analysis of PCSK9 inhibitors, statins and ezetimibe with or without statins for cardiovascular outcomes. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol., 2018, 25(8), 844-853. doi: 10.1177/2047487318766612 PMID: 29569492
  11. Lee, M.; Cheng, C.Y.; Wu, Y.L.; Lee, J.D.; Hsu, C.Y.; Ovbiagele, B. Association between intensity of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction with statin-based therapies and secondary stroke prevention. JAMA Neurol., 2022, 79(4), 349-358. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.5578 PMID: 35188949
  12. Baigent, C.; Keech, A.; Kearney, P.M.; Blackwell, L.; Buck, G.; Pollicino, C.; Kirby, A.; Sourjina, T.; Peto, R.; Collins, R.; Simes, R. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: Prospective meta-analysis of data from 90 056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet., 2005, 366(9493), 1267-1278. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67394-1 PMID: 16214597
  13. Mach, F.; Baigent, C.; Catapano, A.L.; Koskinas, K.C.; Casula, M.; Badimon, L.; Chapman, M.J.; De Backer, G.G.; Delgado, V.; Ference, B.A.; Graham, I.M.; Halliday, A.; Landmesser, U.; Mihaylova, B.; Pedersen, T.R.; Riccardi, G.; Richter, D.J.; Sabatine, M.S.; Taskinen, M.R.; Tokgozoglu, L.; Wiklund, O.; Mueller, C.; Drexel, H.; Aboyans, V.; Corsini, A.; Doehner, W.; Farnier, M.; Gigante, B.; Kayikcioglu, M.; Krstacic, G.; Lambrinou, E.; Lewis, B.S.; Masip, J.; Moulin, P.; Petersen, S.; Petronio, A.S.; Piepoli, M.F.; Pintó, X.; Räber, L.; Ray, K.K.; Reiner, Ž.; Riesen, W.F.; Roffi, M.; Schmid, J-P.; Shlyakhto, E.; Simpson, I.A.; Stroes, E.; Sudano, I.; Tselepis, A.D.; Viigimaa, M.; Vindis, C.; Vonbank, A.; Vrablik, M.; Vrsalovic, M.; Zamorano, J.L.; Collet, J-P.; Koskinas, K.C.; Casula, M.; Badimon, L.; John Chapman, M.; De Backer, G.G.; Delgado, V.; Ference, B.A.; Graham, I.M.; Halliday, A.; Landmesser, U.; Mihaylova, B.; Pedersen, T.R.; Riccardi, G.; Richter, D.J.; Sabatine, M.S.; Taskinen, M-R.; Tokgozoglu, L.; Wiklund, O.; Windecker, S.; Aboyans, V.; Baigent, C.; Collet, J-P.; Dean, V.; Delgado, V.; Fitzsimons, D.; Gale, C.P.; Grobbee, D.; Halvorsen, S.; Hindricks, G.; Iung, B.; Jüni, P.; Katus, H.A.; Landmesser, U.; Leclercq, C.; Lettino, M.; Lewis, B.S.; Merkely, B.; Mueller, C.; Petersen, S.; Petronio, A.S.; Richter, D.J.; Roffi, M.; Shlyakhto, E.; Simpson, I.A.; Sousa-Uva, M.; Touyz, R.M.; Nibouche, D.; Zelveian, P.H.; Siostrzonek, P.; Najafov, R.; van de Borne, P.; Pojskic, B.; Postadzhiyan, A.; Kypris, L.; Špinar, J.; Larsen, M.L.; Eldin, H.S.; Viigimaa, M.; Strandberg, T.E.; Ferrières, J.; Agladze, R.; Laufs, U.; Rallidis, L.; Bajnok, L.; Gudjónsson, T.; Maher, V.; Henkin, Y.; Gulizia, M.M.; Mussagaliyeva, A.; Bajraktari, G.; Kerimkulova, A.; Latkovskis, G.; Hamoui, O.; Slapikas, R.; Visser, L.; Dingli, P.; Ivanov, V.; Boskovic, A.; Nazzi, M.; Visseren, F.; Mitevska, I.; Retterstøl, K.; Jankowski, P.; Fontes-Carvalho, R.; Gaita, D.; Ezhov, M.; Foscoli, M.; Giga, V.; Pella, D.; Fras, Z.; de Isla, L.P.; Hagström, E.; Lehmann, R.; Abid, L.; Ozdogan, O.; Mitchenko, O.; Patel, R.S. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur. Heart J., 2020, 41(1), 111-188. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz455 PMID: 31504418
  14. Hackam, D.G.; Woodward, M.; Newby, L.K.; Bhatt, D.L.; Shao, M.; Smith, E.E.; Donner, A.; Mamdani, M.; Douketis, J.D.; Arima, H.; Chalmers, J.; MacMahon, S.; Tirschwell, D.L.; Psaty, B.M.; Bushnell, C.D.; Aguilar, M.I.; Capampangan, D.J.; Werring, D.J.; De Rango, P.; Viswanathan, A.; Danchin, N.; Cheng, C.L.; Yang, Y.H.K.; Verdel, B.M.; Lai, M.S.; Kennedy, J.; Uchiyama, S.; Yamaguchi, T.; Ikeda, Y.; Mrkobrada, M. Statins and intracerebral hemorrhage: Collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation., 2011, 124(20), 2233-2242. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.055269 PMID: 22007076
  15. McKinney, J.S.; Kostis, W.J. Statin therapy and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage: A meta-analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials. Stroke, 2012, 43(8), 2149-2156. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.655894 PMID: 22588266
  16. Henyan, N.N.; Riche, D.M.; East, H.E.; Gann, P.N. Impact of statins on risk of stroke: A meta-analysis. Ann. Pharmacother., 2007, 41(12), 1937-1945. doi: 10.1345/aph.1K280 PMID: 17986516
  17. Hutton, B.; Salanti, G.; Caldwell, D.M.; Chaimani, A.; Schmid, C.H.; Cameron, C.; Ioannidis, J.P.A.; Straus, S.; Thorlund, K.; Jansen, J.P.; Mulrow, C.; Catalá-López, F.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Dickersin, K.; Boutron, I.; Altman, D.G.; Moher, D. The PRISMA extension statement for reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses of health care interventions: checklist and explanations. Ann. Intern. Med., 2015, 162(11), 777-784. doi: 10.7326/M14-2385 PMID: 26030634
  18. Higgins, J.P.T.; Altman, D.G.; Gøtzsche, P.C.; Jüni, P.; Moher, D.; Oxman, A.D.; Savovic, J.; Schulz, K.F.; Weeks, L.; Sterne, J.A.C. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ, 2011, 343, d5928. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5928 PMID: 22008217
  19. Balshem, H.; Helfand, M.; Schünemann, H.J.; Oxman, A.D.; Kunz, R.; Brozek, J.; Vist, G.E.; Falck-Ytter, Y.; Meerpohl, J.; Norris, S.; Guyatt, G.H. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J. Clin. Epidemiol., 2011, 64(4), 401-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015 PMID: 21208779
  20. Wang, X.; Wen, D.; Chen, Y.; Ma, L.; You, C. PCSK9 inhibitors for secondary prevention in patients with cardiovascular diseases: A bayesian network meta-analysis. Cardiovasc. Diabetol., 2022, 21(1), 107. doi: 10.1186/s12933-022-01542-4 PMID: 35706032
  21. Egger, M.; Smith, G.D.; Schneider, M.; Minder, C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 1997, 315(7109), 629-634. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 PMID: 9310563
  22. Giugliano, R.P.; Pedersen, T.R.; Saver, J.L.; Sever, P.S.; Keech, A.C.; Bohula, E.A.; Murphy, S.A.; Wasserman, S.M.; Honarpour, N.; Wang, H.; Lira Pineda, A.; Sabatine, M.S. Stroke prevention with the PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin-Kexin Type 9) inhibitor evolocumab added to statin in high-risk patients with stable atherosclerosis. Stroke., 2020, 51(5), 1546-1554. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.027759 PMID: 32312223
  23. Jukema, J.W.; Zijlstra, L.E.; Bhatt, D.L.; Bittner, V.A.; Diaz, R.; Drexel, H.; Goodman, S.G.; Kim, Y.U.; Pordy, R.; Reiner, Ž.; Roe, M.T.; Tse, H.F.; Montenegro, V.P.C.; White, H.D.; Zeiher, A.M.; Szarek, M.; Schwartz, G.G.; Steg, P.G. Effect of alirocumab on stroke in ODYSSEY OUTCOMES. Circulation, 2019, 140(25), 2054-2062. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043826 PMID: 31707788
  24. Bohula, E.A.; Wiviott, S.D.; Giugliano, R.P.; Blazing, M.A.; Park, J.G.; Murphy, S.A.; White, J.A.; Mach, F.; Van de Werf, F.; Dalby, A.J.; White, H.D.; Tershakovec, A.M.; Cannon, C.P.; Braunwald, E. Prevention of stroke with the addition of ezetimibe to statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial). Circulation., 2017, 136(25), 2440-2450. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029095 PMID: 28972004
  25. Hosomi, N.; Nagai, Y.; Kohriyama, T.; Ohtsuki, T.; Aoki, S.; Nezu, T.; Maruyama, H.; Sunami, N.; Yokota, C.; Kitagawa, K.; Terayama, Y.; Takagi, M.; Ibayashi, S.; Nakamura, M.; Origasa, H.; Fukushima, M.; Mori, E.; Minematsu, K.; Uchiyama, S.; Shinohara, Y.; Yamaguchi, T.; Matsumoto, M. The Japan statin treatment against recurrent stroke (J-STARS): A multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study. EBioMedicine., 2015, 2(9), 1071-1078. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.08.006 PMID: 26501105
  26. Yakusevich, V.V.; Malygin, A.Y.; Lychenko, S.V.; Petrochenko, A.S.; Kabanov, A.V. The efficacy of high-dose simvastatin in acute period of ischemic stroke. Ration. Pharmacother. Cardiol., 2012, 8(1), 4-16. doi: 10.20996/1819-6446-2012-8-1-4-16
  27. Amarenco, P.; Bogousslavsky, J.; Callahan, A., III; Goldstein, L.B.; Hennerici, M.; Rudolph, A.E.; Sillesen, H.; Simunovic, L.; Szarek, M.; Welch, K.M.; Zivin, J.A. High-dose atorvastatin after stroke or transient ischemic attack. N. Engl. J. Med., 2006, 355(6), 549-559. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa061894 PMID: 16899775
  28. Collins, R.; Armitage, J.; Parish, S.; Sleight, P.; Peto, R. Effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on stroke and other major vascular events in 20536 people with cerebrovascular disease or other high-risk conditions. Lancet., 2004, 363(9411), 757-767. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15690-0 PMID: 15016485
  29. White, H.D.; Simes, R.J.; Anderson, N.E.; Hankey, G.J.; Watson, J.D.G.; Hunt, D.; Colquhoun, D.M.; Glasziou, P.; MacMahon, S.; Kirby, A.C.; West, M.J.; Tonkin, A.M. Pravastatin therapy and the risk of stroke. N. Engl. J. Med., 2000, 343(5), 317-326. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200008033430502 PMID: 10922421
  30. Plehn, J.F.; Davis, B.R.; Sacks, F.M.; Rouleau, J.L.; Pfeffer, M.A.; Bernstein, V.; Cuddy, T.E.; Moyé, L.A.; Piller, L.B.; Rutherford, J.; Simpson, L.M.; Braunwald, E. Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study. Circulation, 1999, 99(2), 216-223. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.99.2.216 PMID: 9892586
  31. Ariesen, M.J.; Claus, S.P.; Rinkel, G.J.E.; Algra, A. Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage in the general population: A systematic review. Stroke, 2003, 34(8), 2060-2065. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000080678.09344.8D PMID: 12843354
  32. Gurevitz, C.; Auriel, E.; Elis, A.; Kornowski, R. The Association between low levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and intracerebral hemorrhage: Cause for concern? J. Clin. Med., 2022, 11(3), 536. doi: 10.3390/jcm11030536 PMID: 35159988
  33. Westover, M.B.; Bianchi, M.T.; Eckman, M.H.; Greenberg, S.M. Statin use following intracerebral hemorrhage: A decision analysis. Arch. Neurol., 2011, 68(5), 573-579. doi: 10.1001/archneurol.2010.356 PMID: 21220650
  34. Lauer, A.; Greenberg, S.M.; Gurol, M.E. Statins in intracerebral hemorrhage. Curr. Atheroscler. Rep., 2015, 17(8), 46. doi: 10.1007/s11883-015-0526-5 PMID: 26092038
  35. Violi, F.; Calvieri, C.; Ferro, D.; Pignatelli, P. Statins as antithrombotic drugs. Circulation., 2013, 127(2), 251-257. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.145334 PMID: 23319813
  36. Undas, A.; Brummel, K.E.; Musial, J.; Mann, K.G.; Szczeklik, A. Simvastatin depresses blood clotting by inhibiting activation of prothrombin, factor V, and factor XIII and by enhancing factor Va inactivation. Circulation, 2001, 103(18), 2248-2253. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.103.18.2248 PMID: 11342472
  37. Lin, M.S.; Lin, Y.S.; Chang, S.T.; Wang, P.C.; Chien-Chia Wu, V.; Lin, W.Y.; Chung, C.M. Effect of initiating statin therapy on long-term outcomes of patients with dyslipidemia after intracerebral hemorrhage. Atherosclerosis, 2019, 288, 137-145. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.009 PMID: 31374467
  38. Tai, S.Y.; Lin, F.C.; Lee, C.Y.; Chang, C.J.; Wu, M.T.; Chien, C.Y. Statin use after intracerebral hemorrhage: A 10‐year nationwide cohort study. Brain Behav., 2016, 6(8), e00487. doi: 10.1002/brb3.487 PMID: 27247857
  39. Hackam, D.G.; Hegele, R.A. Lipid-modifying therapies and stroke prevention. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep., 2022, 22(7), 375-382. doi: 10.1007/s11910-022-01197-4 PMID: 35554824
  40. Sanz-Cuesta, B.E.; Saver, J.L. Lipid-lowering therapy and hemorrhagic stroke risk. Stroke., 2021, 52(10), 3142-3150. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034576 PMID: 34154390
  41. Tramacere, I.; Boncoraglio, G.B.; Banzi, R.; Del Giovane, C.; Kwag, K.H.; Squizzato, A.; Moja, L. Comparison of statins for secondary prevention in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Med., 2019, 17(1), 67. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1298-5 PMID: 30914063
  42. Manktelow, B.N.; Potter, J.F. Interventions in the management of serum lipids for preventing stroke recurrence. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2009, 2009(3), CD002091. PMID: 19588332
  43. Amarenco, P.; Labreuche, J. Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: Review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol., 2009, 8(5), 453-463. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70058-4 PMID: 19375663
  44. Diener, H.C.; Hankey, G.J. Primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and cerebral hemorrhage. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2020, 75(15), 1804-1818. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.072 PMID: 32299593
  45. Wilson, P.W.F.; Polonsky, T.S.; Miedema, M.D.; Khera, A.; Kosinski, A.S.; Kuvin, J.T. Systematic review for the 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: A report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation, 2019, 139(25), e1144-e1161. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000626 PMID: 30586775

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
下载

版权所有 © Bentham Science Publishers, 2024