Targeting Gut Dysbiosis and Microbiome Metabolites for the Development of Therapeutic Modalities for Neurological Disorders

  • Authors: Wiefels M.1, Furar E.2, Eshraghi R.3, Mittal J.4, Memis I.4, Moosa M.5, Mittal R.6, Eshraghi A.7
  • Affiliations:
    1. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngolog, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
    2. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,
    3. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
    4. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
    5. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,
    6. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami
    7. Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,
  • Issue: Vol 22, No 1 (2024)
  • Pages: 123-139
  • Section: Neurology
  • URL: https://rjraap.com/1570-159X/article/view/644248
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X20666221003085508
  • ID: 644248

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Full Text

Abstract

The gut microbiota, composed of numerous species of microbes, works in synergy with the various organ systems in the body to bolster our overall health and well-being. The most well-known function of the gut microbiome is to facilitate the metabolism and absorption of crucial nutrients, such as complex carbohydrates, while also generating vitamins. In addition, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in regulating the functioning of the central nervous system (CNS). Host genetics, including specific genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The gut microbiome dysbiosis also plays a role in the pathogenesis of these neurodegenerative disorders, thus perturbing the gut-brain axis. Overproduction of certain metabolites synthesized by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and p-cresyl sulfate, are known to interfere with microglial function and trigger misfolding of alpha-synuclein protein, which can build up inside neurons and cause damage. By determining the association of the gut microbiome and its metabolites with various diseases, such as neurological disorders, future research will pave the way for the development of effective preventive and treatment modalities.

About the authors

Matthew Wiefels

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngolog, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Emily Furar

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rebecca Eshraghi

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Jeenu Mittal

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Idil Memis

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Moeed Moosa

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology,, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Rahul Mittal

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami

Email: info@benthamscience.net

Adrien Eshraghi

Hearing Research and Communication Disorders Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami,

Author for correspondence.
Email: info@benthamscience.net

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