Specific and non-specific changes in plasmalemma lipid content induced by different types of abiotic stress

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Abstract

Effects of different abiotic stresses (hyperosmotic, hypoosmotic, and oxidative) on the lipid profile of the plasma membrane of table beet root cells (Beta vulgaris L.) were studied. Changes in the composition of membrane lipids under different types of stress had their distinctive features. The content of such lipids as phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylglycerols, monogalactosyldiacylglycerides (MGDG), pentodecanoic fatty acid, cholesterol and stigmasterol, decreased under all types of stress, while the content of digalactosyldiacylglycerides (DGDG), arachic fatty acid and β-sitosterol and the DGDG/MGDG ratio increased under all types of stress. These effects of stress can be classified as nonspecific. However, for some lipids, stress-induced changes in their content depended on the type of stress. For example, the content of sphingolipids increased significantly under hyperosmotic stress and decreased under hypoosmotic and oxidative stress. In contrast, the content of sterols increased under hypoosmotic stress and decreased under hyperosmotic stress, and the content of sterol esters increased only under oxidative stress. Changes in the composition of these lipids can be regarded as specific. Changes in the content of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, and most fatty acids, as well as in ratio of phosphatidylcholines to phosphatidylethanolamines and some other parameters can also be attributed to specific. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that different types of abiotic stress induce different changes in membrane lipid content. These results may contribute to a better understanding of adaptation mechanisms and help in the development of new strategies to improve plant stress resistance.

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About the authors

N. V. Ozolina

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: ozol@sifibr.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk, 664033

I. S. Kapustina

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ozol@sifibr.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk, 664033

V. V. Gurina

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ozol@sifibr.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk, 664033

E. V. Spiridonova

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ozol@sifibr.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk, 664033

V. N. Nurminsky

Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: ozol@sifibr.irk.ru
Russian Federation, Irkutsk, 664033

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2. Fig. 1. Quantitative content of the main classes of plasma membrane lipids from control roots and roots subjected to abiotic stress, %. The data were obtained by TLC densitometry; n = 5; * – presence of significant differences, the significance of differences was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, subsequent multiple comparison of medians was performed using the Student–Newman–Keuls method. Differences between the experimental data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. DGDG – digalactosyldiacylglycerides; MGDG – monogalactosyldiacylglycerides; PM – plasma membrane; SF – sphingolipids; PG – phosphatidylglycerols; PI – phosphatidylinositols; PC – phosphatidic acid; PS – phosphatidylserines; PC – phosphatidylcholines; PE – phosphatidylethanolamines.

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3. Fig. 2. Quantitative content of the main classes of plasma membrane sterols from control root crops and root crops subjected to abiotic stress, wt. %. Data were obtained by GC-MS; n = 5; Me, * – presence of significant differences, the significance of differences was calculated using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, subsequent multiple comparison of medians was performed using the Student–Newman–Keuls method. Differences between experimental data were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in the double bond index (DBI), the sum of saturated (Σ SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (ΣUNFA) and their ratio under different types of abiotic stress (ΣUNFA/ΣUNFA).

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