Систематика и филогения миксомицетов: вчера, сегодня, завтра
- Авторы: Мороз Е.Л.1, Гмошинский В.И.2, Щепин О.Н.3,4, Новожилов Ю.К.3
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Учреждения:
- Институт экспериментальной ботаники им. В.Ф. Купревича НАН Беларуси
- Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова
- Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН
- Грайфсвальдский университет
- Выпуск: Том 58, № 4 (2024)
- Страницы: 261-279
- Раздел: ОБЗОРЫ И ДИСКУССИИ
- URL: https://rjraap.com/0026-3648/article/view/655939
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364824040018
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/uxeose
- ID: 655939
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Аннотация
Миксомицеты (Myxomycetes) – амебоидные грибообразные организмы (Amoebozoa) с уникальным жизненным циклом, характеризующиеся большим морфологическим разнообразием спорофоров. Благодаря схожести этих структур с плодовыми телами некоторых представителей отделов Ascomycota и Basidiomycota, с момента первого известного научного описания в 1654 г. миксомицеты относили к грибам. Только в XIX в., когда удалось установить особенности их жизненного цикла, стала понятна обособленность этой группы от грибов. В результате с конца XIX до середины XX вв. сложилась достаточно стабильная таксономическая система, основанная главным образом на морфологических признаках спорофоров и спор. Однако было показано, что эти признаки довольно изменчивы и зависят от условий окружающей среды, а также могут быть результатом конвергентной эволюции. Это часто вызывает затруднения при идентификации видов и таксонов более высокого ранга. В первой декаде XXI в., благодаря развитию молекулярно-генетических и микроскопических методов, а также накоплению данных о нуклеотидных последовательностях маркерных генов, удалось получить первые данные об эволюционных взаимоотношениях ряда таксонов. Знаковой вехой развития систематики миксомицетов стала публикация в 2019 г. первой филогенетической системы. В настоящее время продолжаются попытки построения филогений различных таксонов миксомицетов и поиски их соответствия с системами, построенными на морфологических признаках. В работе приводится вариант системы миксомицетов с учетом всех изменений и дополнений по состоянию на июнь 2024 года.
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Об авторах
Е. Л. Мороз
Институт экспериментальной ботаники им. В.Ф. Купревича НАН Беларуси
Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: moroze.l@tut.by
Белоруссия, Минск
В. И. Гмошинский
Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова
Email: rubisco@list.ru
Россия, Москва
О. Н. Щепин
Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН; Грайфсвальдский университет
Email: oshchepin@binran.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург; Грайфсвальд, Германия
Ю. К. Новожилов
Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН
Email: yurynovozh1lov@yandex.ru
Россия, Санкт-Петербург
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