The influence of fortified food products on dietary iron, iodine, and zinc content in Tajik schoolchildren

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Abstract

Introduction. The objective of the study is an assessment of dietary iron, iodine, and zinc content in school dinners in Tajik schoolchildren, as well as the influence of the use of fortified products supplied by the UN World Food Programme.

Material and methods. The investigation is performed in two types of schools located in Penjikent and Ayni regions of the Tajikistan Republic. Type 1 schools were not involved in the program of school nutrition improvement, whereas type 2 schools took part in the WFP UN program on the supply of fortified products, as well as the governmental program on improvement of infrastructure and provision of hot meals.

Results and discussion. Iron, iodine, and zinc content in fortified wheat flour supplied by WFP UN exceeded the respective values of the local product by a factor of 2.3, 14, and 4.7. Iodized salt (WFP UN) was characterized by an 11-fold increase in iodine content as compared to the locally used salt. The use of fortified wheat flour and iodized salt in type 2 schools for the preparation of school dinners should provide an increased dietary intake of iron, iodine, and zinc by a factor of 2.5, 12, and 4, when compared to type 1 schools, respectively.

Conclusion. Therefore, WFP UN along with governmental efforts aimed at improvement of school meals provided from 50% to 100% of the recommended dietary allowance for iron and zinc, whereas in the case of iodine even exceeded recommended values, being indicative of the efficiency of the efforts. At the same time, such programs should be supported by trace element monitoring in the organism for assessment of both efficiency and safety.

About the authors

Anatoly A. Kirichuk

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: kirichuk-aa@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5125-5116

MD, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, People’s Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation.

e-mail: kirichuk-aa@rudn.ru

Russian Federation

Yury A. Rakhmanin

Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2067-8014
Russian Federation

Andrey A. Skalny

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0934-4315
Russian Federation

Olga P. Ajsuvakova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Demidov Yaroslavl State University; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4707-9353
Russian Federation

Aleksey A. Tinkov

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Demidov Yaroslavl State University; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0348-6192
Russian Federation

Andrey R. Grabeklis

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4017-4139
Russian Federation

Anatoly V. Skalny

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7838-1366
Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2024 Kirichuk A.A., Rakhmanin Y.A., Skalny A.A., Ajsuvakova O.P., Tinkov A.A., Grabeklis A.R., Skalny A.V.


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