Residual amounts of pesticides in citrus fruits: analytical control

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Abstract

Introduction. Thanks to possessing beneficial properties and vitamin content, citrus fruits occupy a prominent place in the ubiquitous nutrition of all ages due to various crops. On the other hand, due to climatic conditions, they cannot be cultivated in our country and are classified as imported products, which justifies the importance of controlling their safety.

Purpose of the work. The creation of a multicomponent method for determining the residual amounts of pesticides and their metabolites in citrus fruits.

Materials and methods. HPLC with triple quadrupole mass detector in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and capillary gas-liquid chromatography with mass selective detector (GC-MC) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM) together were used to perform the identification and quantitative determination of the active substances of pesticides of various classes (amino pyrimidines, imidazoles, carbamates, strobilurins, triazoles, organophosphorus compounds, etc.) As a sample preparation method, there was used the QuEChERS technology, based on the extraction of pesticides with an organic solvent from a homogenized sample in the presence of salts containing citrate buffer and the purification of the extracts by dispersive solid-phase extraction.

Results. To control the safety of citrus fruits (lemons, grapefruits, oranges, tangerines) imported from Egypt, Turkey and Abkhazia, purchased on the food market, a multi-method was used for determining the residual amounts of a wide range of pesticide compounds (50 names of active ingredients of pesticides and their toxic metabolites) in citrus fruits. The identified levels of active pesticide ingredients did not exceed the established MRLs.

Conclusion. The modern development of the analytical chemistry of pesticides, the use of a tandem of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection made it possible to implement a group method for the quantitative determination of the active substances of pesticides and their toxic metabolites in citrus fruits. Modern development makes it possible to detect the contamination of their residual amounts in the processed products.

About the authors

Valery N. Rakitskii

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9959-6507
Russian Federation

Nataliia E. Fedorova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: analyt1@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8278-6382

MD, Ph.D., DSci., Head of the Department of an analytical control methods Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after
F.F. Erisman, Mytishchi, 141014, Russian Federation.

e-mail: analyt1@yandex.ru

Russian Federation

Marina S. Grechina

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3324-5090
Russian Federation

Olga E. Egorchenkova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4653-6970
Russian Federation

Natalya A. Stepanova

Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F. Erisman, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7269-3481
Russian Federation

References

  1. Klimova E.V. Ecological foundations of plant development in the subtropics of Russia (problems of ecologically safe use of pesticides for cultivated citrus fruits and hazelnuts from diseases and pests). Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost’ v APK. 2007; (4): 1044. (in Russian)
  2. Khloptseva R.I. Use of post-harvest treatment with jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate to combat olive green mold rot (exoc. Penicillium digitatum) of grapefruit fruits during storage. (Israel). Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost’ v APK. 2001; (4): 969. (in Russian)
  3. Statistical service SeaNews. Food imports, 8 months 2020: citrus supply increased in August. Available at: https://seanews.ru/2020/10/30/ru-produktovyj-import-8-mesjacev-2020-v-avguste-vyrosli-postavki-citrusovyh/ (in Russian)
  4. Dan’kov V.V., Skripnichenko M.M., Gorbacheva N.N. Subtropical Cultures [Subtropicheskie kul’tury]. St. Petersburg: Lan’; 2014. (in Russian)
  5. Putilina T.I. On the issue of identification and quality assessment of citrus fruits. In: Proceedings of the VII All-Russian Scientific-Practical Conference «Features of State Regulation of Foreign Economic Activity in Modern Conditions» [Materialy VII Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii «Osobennosti gosudarstvennogo regulirovaniya vneshneekonomicheskoy deyatel’nosti v sovremennykh usloviyakh»]. Rostov-na-Donu; 2020: 340–7. (in Russian)
  6. Plotnikova T.V., Poznyakovskiy V.M., Larina T.V., Eliseeva L.G. Expertise of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables [Ekspertiza svezhikh plodov i ovoshchey]. Novosibirsk; 2001. (in Russian)
  7. Larina T.N. Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: a Commodity Expert’s Guide [Tropicheskie i subtropicheskie plody: spravochnik tovaroveda]. Moscow: DeLi print; 2002. (in Russian)
  8. Voronin V.I. Expertise of citrus fruits: features and recommendations for improvement. Molodoy uchenyy. 2020; (15): 94–8. (in Russian)
  9. Handbook of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation. Moscow: Listerra; 2020. (in Russian)
  10. The 2018 European Union report on pesticide residues in food. Available at: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6057
  11. Anastassiades M., Lehotay S.J., Stajnbaher D., Schenck F.J. Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction/partitioning and dispersive solid-phase extraction for the determination of pesticide residues in produce. J. AOAC Int. 2003; 86(2): 412–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/86.2.412
  12. Paya’ P., Anastassiades M., Mack D., Sigalova I., Tasdelen B., Oliva J., et al. Analysis of pesticide residues using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) pesticide multiresidue method in combination with gas and liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007; 389(6): 1697–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1610-7
  13. Lehotay S.J., Son K.A., Kwon H., Koesukwiwat U., Fud W., Mastovska K., Hoh E., et al. Comparison of QuECHERS sample preparation methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables. J. Chromatogr A. 2010; 1217(16): 2548–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.044
  14. Guidance document on analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticides residues analysis in food and feed. ЕС № SANTE/12682/2019. Imp. 2020-01-01; 2020.
  15. АОАС Official Method 2007.01. Pesticide Residues in Foods by Acetonitrile Extraction and Partitioning with Magnesium Sulfate; 2007. Available at: http://www.weber.hu/Downloads/SPE/QuEChERS/AOAC_2007_01.pdf
  16. Lehotay S.J. Determination of pesticide residues in foods by acetonitrile extraction and partitioning with magnesium sulfate: collaborative study. J. AOAC Int. 2007; 90(2): 485–520.
  17. Kmellár B., Fodor P., Pareja L., Ferrer C., Martínez-Uroz M.A., Valverde A., et al. Validation and uncertainty study of a comprehensive list of 160 pesticide residues in multi-class vegetables by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 2008; 1215(1–2): 37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.121
  18. Lehotay S.J., de Kok A., Hiemstra M., van Bodegraven P. Validation of a fast and easy method for the determination of 229 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. J. AOAC Int. 2005; 88(2): 595–614.
  19. European Commission: Guidans Document on Pesticide Residue Analytical Methods. SANCO/825/00. Imp. 2010-11-16. Directorate General Health and Consumer Protection; 2010.
  20. EU Pesticides Database. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-db_en
  21. Andoralov A.M., Kuznetsov S.V., Afonin M.B. Matrix effect in analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry. Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2017; (1): 9–17. https://doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2017-03-01-09-17 (in Russian)
  22. Analytical Method Report Analysis of Dithianon in Food of Plant Origin using acidified QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS. Available at: https://www.eurl-pesticides.eu/userfiles/file/EurlSRM/meth_Dithianon_EurlSRM.pdf

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML
Download

Copyright (c) 2024 Rakitskii V.N., Fedorova N.E., Grechina M.S., Egorchenkova O.E., Stepanova N.A.


СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.