Impact of toxicity effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles in rats within acute and subacute experiments

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Abstract

Introduction. Occupational air is contaminated with zinc oxide nanoparticles in the copper smelting industry, especially in the smelting of brass and copper. A wide range of toxic effects with varied clinical symptomatology is observed in zinc and its compounds. Competitive relations with many other metals, including calcium, copper, and iron, are the foundation of most cases of zinc intoxication. Long-term administration of zinc or its compounds to laboratory rodents affects enzymes, carbohydrates and mineral metabolism.

Materials and methods. Subchronic intoxication with repeated intraperitoneal injections and acute low respiratory tract reaction to a single intratracheal injection of zinc nanoparticles were simulated in outbred white rats. Water suspensions of zinc oxide nanoparticles with a 30-80 nm diameter were applied in both experimental models. Upon completion of the exposure, the condition of the rats in all groups was evaluated in many generally accepted criteria for toxicity. The student’s t-test was applied for statistical analysis of the obtained data.

Results. Moderate intoxication development in a subchronic experiment is demonstrated. Homogeneous ultrastructural changes in the spleen tissue were revealed. Mitochondrial damage with partial or complete loss of crista is the most common. The fragmentation ratio of DNA was found by a statistically significant increase. A single intratracheal injection of zinc oxide nanoparticles revealed the increase in the attraction of cells capable of their phagocytosis (mainly neutrophils) into the low respiratory tract. This shows their cytotoxicity.

Conclusion. Moderate general toxic and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the rat body were identified.

Contribution:

Sutunkova M.P. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;

Minigalieva I.A. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;

Privalova L.I. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing;

Ryabova Iu.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, preparation of drawings;

Makeyev O.G. — collection and processing of material;

Zubarev I.V. — concept and design of the study, preparation of drawings;

Shishkina E.V. — collection and processing of material;

Bushueva T.V. — collection and processing of material;

Katsnelson B.A. — concept and design of the study, writing the text, editing.

Approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article – all co-authors.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

About the authors

Marina P. Sutunkova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1743-7642
Russian Federation

Ilzira A. Minigalieva

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0097-7845

MD, PhD, Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, 620014, Yekaterinburg, Russia.

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru 

Russian Federation

Iuliia V. Privalova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1442-6737
Russian Federation

Iuliia V. Ryabova

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2677-0479
Russian Federation

Oleg G. Makeyev

Ural State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6819-3185
Russian Federation

Ilia V. Zubarev

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology; Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7827-498X
Russian Federation

Ekaterina V. Shishkina

Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2574-7472
Russian Federation

Tatiana N. Bushueva

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5872-2001
Russian Federation

Boris A. Katsnelson

Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8750-9624
Russian Federation

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Copyright (c) 2024 Sutunkova M.P., Minigalieva I.A., Privalova I.V., Ryabova I.V., Makeyev O.G., Zubarev I.V., Shishkina E.V., Bushueva T.N., Katsnelson B.A.


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