Foreign legislation in the field of drinking groundwater protection (literature review)

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Abstract

The need to protect underground sources of drinking and household water supply. Many reasons, including climatic changes, an increase in anthropogenic pressure, and an increase in the need for drinking water, dictate the need to protect underground sources of drinking and domestic water supply. The USSR was the pioneer in the field of drinking water protection in the world. Already in 1956, USSR put an instruction on the establishment of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) into effect. The United States took the first steps in resolving this issue only seven years later. Along with Soviet developments, the USA and German guidelines are still fundamental and contain fundamental recommendations for groundwater protection.

The requirements related to the protection of water intakes in the legislative acts of various states have been implemented at the international level (Directive 2000/60 / EU, Directive 2006/118 / EU), nationally (Australian National Strategy, USA Safe Drinking Water Law, PRC Law on Drinking Water Pollution Prevention and Control) and Local Levels (New Jersey safeguard zone (SGZ) Guidelines). Among the standard features is the allocation of belts in the S with different permitted use regimes: belt I (strict regime) - 10-50 m, belt II -50 days -10 years, belt III - the entire catchment area.

Conclusions. Despite the fact that each country uses different approaches to protecting groundwater, in general, there is a similarity in the establishment and organization of SGZ for groundwater intakes, in which certain activities are prohibited or restricted.

In the Russian Federation, it seems important to formalize the results of scientific research and existing experience in the protection of underground sources of drinking water supply in the form of Guidelines to allow ensuring optimal management of drinking water resources and preserve the quality of drinking water, to guarantee their availability in the future.

Contribution:

Borisova D.S. — the concept and design of the study, the collection and processing of the material, writing a text;

Yeremin G.B. — the concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;

Nikulenkov A.M. — writing a text;

Mozzhukhina N.A. — writing a text, editing.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.

About the authors

Daria S. Borisova

North-West Public Health Research Center; North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Author for correspondence.
Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0694-5334
Russian Federation

Gennadiy B. Yeremin

North-West Public Health Research Center

Email: yeremin45@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1629-5435

MD, PhD, Head of the Department of health risk analysis of the North-West Public Health Research Center, St. Petersburg, 191036, Russian Federation.

e-mail: yeremin45@yandex.ru 

Russian Federation

Anton M. Nikulenkov

E.M. Sergeev Institute of Environmental Geoscience Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5498-076X
Russian Federation

Natalya A. Mozzhukhina

North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8051-097X
Russian Federation

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