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Fig. 9. Karst map of the Seleuksky area (by Smirnov, Sokolov, 2021). Photo by V.L. Mashin. Types of sulfate karst according to the degree of overlap of karsted gypsum with non-karsted rocks: overlapped (suballuvial or Kama) in the bottom of the Seleuk River valley within the limits of: 1 – floodplain and first supra-floodplain terrace (Holocene and Upper Pleistocene), 2 – second supra-floodplain terrace (Upper and Middle Pleistocene), 3 – third supra-floodplain terrace (Middle Pleistocene); 4 – open (bare or Mediterranean) karst with areas of covered karst in the conditions of gypsums of the Kungurian stage reaching the surface or covered by a low thickness (not more than 3 m) cover of eluvial-deluvial Quaternary sediments. Surface manifestations of karst: 5 – karst field of sinkholes and wells, fraction in the field contours: numerator – number of sinkholes and wells (pcs.), denominator – their average diameter (m); 6 – karst field of nival-corrosive wells, fraction in the field contours: numerator – number of wells (pcs.), denominator – average diameter of wells (m); 7 – separate karst sinkholes; 8 – Isheevskaya cave system; 9 – water and water absorbing objects (a – spring, б – ponor); 10 – thalweg of erosion-karst log; 11 –marks of absolute heights (m); 12 – traverse А–Б line. |