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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">689846</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA689846</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IJXRVU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug selection for preventive analgesia on the severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a prospective, comparative study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние выбора нестероидного противовоспалительного препарата для превентивной аналгезии на выраженность послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений: проспективное сравнительное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5961-7433</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4663-4987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilov</surname><given-names>Mark S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилов</surname><given-names>Марк Самуилович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>markdani@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-0142</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3619-2048</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Simutis</surname><given-names>Ionas S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симутис</surname><given-names>Ионас Стасио</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>simutis@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0798</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6726-2571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabolotskii</surname><given-names>Dmitrii V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заболотский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>zdv4330303@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-8856</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9144-7847</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Syrovatskiy</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыроватский</surname><given-names>Алексей Андреевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>drsyrovatskiy@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2347-0123</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8210-8836</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blitsõn</surname><given-names>Kristina</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блицын</surname><given-names>Кристина</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kblitzine@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-2659</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7811-3067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sapegin</surname><given-names>Alexander A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сапегин</surname><given-names>Александр Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>kdl@med122.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1000-1114</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9424-1076</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaikovaya</surname><given-names>Larisa B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайковая</surname><given-names>Лариса Борисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>Larisa.Gaikovaya@szgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4540-1813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5537-2747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Danilova</surname><given-names>Polina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Данилова</surname><given-names>Полина Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>polinavand22@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5070-4203</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5995-8432</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perepelitsa</surname><given-names>Oleg A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перепелица</surname><given-names>Олег Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>pero86@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center named after L.G. Sokolov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный окружной научно-клинический центр имени Л.Г. Соколова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">MEDSI</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">МЕДСИ Санкт-Петербург</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nyagan District Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Няганская окружная больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>333</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-07"><day>07</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/689846">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/689846</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication, with neuroinflammation recognized as one of its key pathogenetic mechanisms. Despite extensive evidence supporting the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for preventive analgesia, comparative studies evaluating their effects on blood–brain barrier injury markers and cognitive outcomes remain limited and do not allow for definitive conclusions.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to compare the effects of preventive administration of ibuprofen and ketoprofen on the level of neuroinflammation and the severity of early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> A single-center, randomized, prospective study was conducted. A total of 45 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups. Thirty minutes before anesthesia induction, patients in group 1 (<italic>n</italic> = 23) received intravenous ibuprofen 800 mg, whereas patients in group 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 22) received intravenous ketoprofen 100 mg. Biochemical markers (S100B, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer) and cognitive test results (MoCA, TMT, MMSE) were assessed over time.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The groups were comparable in baseline characteristics. On postoperative day 1, S100B concentration in the ibuprofen group was significantly lower than in the ketoprofen group: 0.117 ng/mL vs. 0.164 ng/mL, respectively (<italic>p</italic> = 0.046). By postoperative day 3, this difference was no longer observed. No statistically significant intergroup differences were found in the trends of cognitive test results or in the levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and D-dimer. None of the patients demonstrated cognitive impairment meeting the predefined criterion (deviation ≥ 2 points on cognitive tests).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Preventive administration of ibuprofen was associated with a less pronounced increase in S100B levels in the early postoperative period compared with ketoprofen, which may indicate a stronger inhibitory effect on neuroinflammation. However, this difference resulted only in a statistically non-significant reduction in the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. The main limitations of the study include the small sample size and the short duration of postoperative cognitive follow-up.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция — распространённое осложнение, одним из ключевых патогенетических механизмов которого признано нейровоспаление. Несмотря на обширные данные о применении нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов для превентивной аналгезии, сравнительные исследования их влияния на маркёры повреждения гематоэнцефалического барьера и когнитивные исходы остаются единичными и не позволяют сделать однозначных выводов.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Сравнить влияние превентивного введения ибупрофена и кетопрофена на уровень нейровоспаления и выраженность ранних послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений у пациентов, перенесших плановые оперативные вмешательства под общей анестезией.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проведено одноцентровое рандомизированное проспективное исследование. В исследование включены 45 пациентов, рандомизированных в две группы. За 30 минут до индукции анестезии пациенты 1-й группы (<italic>n</italic> = 23) получали ибупрофен 800 мг в/в, 2-й группы (<italic>n</italic> = 22) — кетопрофен 100 мг в/в. Оценивались биохимические маркёры (S100b, СРБ, фибриноген, D-димер) и результаты когнитивных тестов (MoCA, TMT, MMSE) в динамике.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Группы были сопоставимы по основным исходным характеристикам. На первые послеоперационные сутки концентрация S100b в группе ибупрофена была значимо ниже, чем в группе кетопрофена: 0,117 нг/мл против 0,164 нг/мл соответственно (<italic>p</italic> = 0,046). К третьим суткам различия нивелировались. Статистически значимых межгрупповых различий в динамике результатов когнитивных тестов, а также в уровнях СРБ, фибриногена и D-димера выявлено не было. Ни у одного пациента не было зафиксировано когнитивных нарушений, соответствующих критерию (отклонение ≥ 2 в тестах).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Превентивное введение ибупрофена ассоциировано с менее выраженным повышением уровня S100b в раннем послеоперационном периоде по сравнению с кетопрофеном, что может свидетельствовать о его более сильном ингибирующем эффекте на нейровоспаление. Однако это различие привело лишь к статистически незначимому снижению частоты послеоперационных когнитивных нарушений. Основными ограничениями исследования являются небольшой размер выборки и короткий период наблюдения за когнитивными функциями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>postoperative cognitive dysfunction</kwd><kwd>ibuprofen</kwd><kwd>ketoprofen</kwd><kwd>S100B</kwd><kwd>neuroinflammation</kwd><kwd>preventive analgesia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>послеоперационная когнитивная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>ибупрофен</kwd><kwd>кетопрофен</kwd><kwd>S100b</kwd><kwd>нейровоспаление</kwd><kwd>превентивная аналгезия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Terrando N, Eriksson LI, Ryu JK. Resolving postoperative neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Ann Neurol. 2011;6:986–995. doi: 10.1002/ana.22664</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Tang JX, Baranov D, Hammond M. Human Alzheimer and inflammation biomarkers after anesthesia and surgery. 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