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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">681932</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA681932</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">BKLZOH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prolonged Adductor Canal Block in Perioperative Analgesia for Total Knee Arthroplasty in Elderly and Senile Patients: An Open Randomized Study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Продлённая блокада приводящего канала в структуре периоперационного обезболивания при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста: открытое рандомизированное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-2918</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9865-7998</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Torpudzhiyan</surname><given-names>Margarita A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торпуджиян</surname><given-names>Маргарита Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>margo-08.01@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6582-6565</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4488-5040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Negovskiy</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Неговский</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>negovskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8068-9674</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3881-3119</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzova</surname><given-names>Natalia U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзова</surname><given-names>Наталья Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>borzovan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9550-7379</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Artem S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Артем Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>asnovikov82pochta@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8741-5473</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7944-1160</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gutnikov</surname><given-names>Aleksey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гутников</surname><given-names>Алексей Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>agutnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-8903</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4974-9195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sviridov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свиридов</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sergey.sviridov.59@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre “Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-18"><day>18</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-29"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/681932">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/681932</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is among the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures and often represents the only effective method to relieve pain and improve quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Despite advances in pain management, no universally accepted or standardized strategy for analgesia in this population has been established.</p> <p><bold>AIM: </bold>The work aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of three prolonged postoperative analgesia techniques for TKA: prolonged epidural analgesia (PEA, control group), prolonged adductor canal block (PACB), and a combination of PACB with infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (iPACK)—PACB+iPACK.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> Patient were enrolled between December 2023 and June 2024. A total of 184 patients aged 60 years and older were analyzed and randomized into three groups: the control group with PEA (n = 62), PACB (n = 60), and PACB+iPACK (n = 62). The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved effective analgesia 24 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints included muscle strength assessment using the Medical Research Council (MRC) Weakness Scale, posterior knee pain 24 hours after surgery, length of hospital stay, opioid analgesic consumption, and patient satisfaction with anesthesia measured by the Quality of Recovery Questionnaire (QoR-40).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>In the PACB group, the proportion of patients who achieved effective analgesia was 70%, compared with 91.9% in the control group (OR = 0.21; 95% CI, 0.07–0.6; p = 0.0036). When comparing the control group with the PACB+iPACK group, the rates were 91.9% and 90.3%, respectively (OR = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.24–2.84; p = 0.752). Posterior knee pain was significantly more frequent in the PACB group: it was recorded in 9 patients (14.5٪) in the control group, 38 (63.3٪) in the PACB group, and 11 (17.1٪) in the PACB+iPACK group (p &lt; 0.001; p<sub>PEA/PACB</sub> &lt; 0.001; p<sub>PACB/PACB+iPACK</sub> &lt; 0.001). In the PEA group, a muscle weakness score of 4 points on the MRC scale persisted even after 28 hours. In 80٪ of cases in the PACB group, tramadol administration was required. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the control group compared with the other groups. According to the QoR-40 questionnaire, patient satisfaction with anesthesia was higher in the groups of peripheral nerve blocks.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>The analgesic efficacy of PACB was significantly lower than that of PEA. However, the combination of PACB + iPACK provided analgesia similar to that achieved with PEA.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава — одна из часто выполняемых операций в ортопедии и нередко является единственным способом облегчить боль и улучшить качество жизни у пациентов с остеоартрозом коленного сустава. Несмотря на многочисленные достижения в области контроля болевого синдрома, на сегодняшний день всё ещё не существует единого подхода и тактики ведения данной группы пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> — сравнить эффективность и безопасность трёх продлённых вариантов послеоперационного обезболивания при тотальном эндопротезировании коленного сустава: продлённая эпидуральная аналгезия (ПЭА — контрольная группа), продлённая блокада приводящего канала (ПБПК) и комбинация ПБПК с инфильтрацией промежутка между подколенной артерией и капсулой коленного сустава (IPACK) — ПБПК + IPACK.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Набор пациентов проводился с декабря 2023 года по июнь 2024 года. Проанализировано 184 пациента 60 лет и старше, рандомизированные на три группы: контрольная группа ПЭА (<italic>n=</italic>62), ПБПК (<italic>n=</italic>60), ПБПК + IPACK (<italic>n=</italic>62). Первичной конечной точкой была доля пациентов, у которых удалось достигнуть эффективного обезболивания через 24 ч после операции. Вторичные конечные точки включали оценку мышечной силы по шкале двигательного дефицита MRC (Medical Research Council Weakness Scale) в баллах, наличия болевого синдрома по задней поверхности коленного сустава через 24 ч после операции, количества койко-дней, потребности в наркотических анальгетиках, удовлетворённости анестезией у пациентов по опроснику QoR-40.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группе ПБПК доля пациентов с эффективным обезболиванием составила 70%, в контрольной группе — 91,9% (отношение шансов 0,21; 95% доверительный интервал 0,07–0,6; <italic>p=</italic>0,0036). При сравнении контрольной группы с ПБПК + IPACK — 91,9% и 90,3% соответственно (отношение шансов 0,81; 95% доверительный интервал 0,24–2,84; <italic>p=</italic>0,752). Факт наличия боли по задней поверхности коленного сустава значимо чаще отмечался у пациентов группы с ПБПК: в контрольной группе боль зафиксирована у 9 пациентов (14,5%), в группе с ПБПК — у 38 (63,3%), с ПБПК + IPACK — у 11 (17,1%); <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001 (<italic>p</italic><sub>ПЭА–ПБПК</sub> &lt;0,001; <italic>p</italic><sub>ПБПК–ПБПК + IPACK</sub> &lt;0,001). Мышечная слабость в 4 балла по MRC зафиксирована даже спустя 28 ч в группе с ПЭА. В 80% случаев в группе с ПБПК требовалось ведение трамадола — это значимо чаще, чем в других группах. Продолжительность госпитализации в контрольной группе значимо больше по сравнению с другими группами. По опроснику QoR-40, удовлетворённость анестезией была выше в группах с блокадами периферических нервов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>ПБПК по эффективности обезболивания действовала значимо хуже, чем применение ПЭА. Комбинация блокад ПБПК + IPACK по эффективности обезболивания не отличалась от ПЭА.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regional anesthesia</kwd><kwd>prolonged adductor canal block</kwd><kwd>iPACK</kwd><kwd>epidural analgesia</kwd><kwd>postoperative analgesia</kwd><kwd>total knee arthroplasty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регионарная анестезия</kwd><kwd>продлённая блокада приводящего канала</kwd><kwd>IPACK</kwd><kwd>эпидуральная аналгезия</kwd><kwd>послеоперационное обезболивание</kwd><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование коленного сустава</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Inacio MCS, Paxton EW, Graves SE, Namba RS, Nemes S. Projected increase in total knee arthroplasty in the United States — an alternative projection model. 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