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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">680797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA680797</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">OYNNPU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Clinical Evaluation of Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Morphine in Thoracic Surgery</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клиническая оценка анальгетической эффективности субарахноидально вводимого морфина при торакальных операциях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-5637</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7406-7687</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhikharev</surname><given-names>Vasiliy A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жихарев</surname><given-names>Василий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><email>Vasilii290873@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1427-4032</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3640-7080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bushuev</surname><given-names>Alexandr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бушуев</surname><given-names>Александр Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ksmukubris@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1819-5913</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6143-2170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimina</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимина</surname><given-names>Людмила Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>bolotina.lyuda@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8369-8171</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6397-0207</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arutyunyan</surname><given-names>Robert A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арутюнян</surname><given-names>Роберт Артурович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>robert.arutyunyan1212@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-8989</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6101-0578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koriachkin</surname><given-names>Victor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корячкин</surname><given-names>Виктор Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>vakoryachkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institution — Ochapovsky Regional Clinic Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт — Краевая клиническая больница № 1 имени профессора С.В. Очаповского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>244</fpage><lpage>252</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-05-27"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-21"><day>21</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/680797">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/680797</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>In thoracic surgery, pain intensity resulting from nociceptive stimulation due to skin incision, muscle trauma, rib retraction, and pleural dissection contributes to central sensitization and the development of severe postoperative pain, particularly in the early postoperative period. Intrathecal administration of morphine represents an alternative opioid-sparing component of multimodal acute pain management.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to clinically evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study included 255 patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy. Patients were allocated into three groups: group 1 (n = 85) received intrathecal morphine; group 2 (n = 85) received systemic opioid analgesics; and group 3 (n = 85) received intercostal nerve blockade with ropivacaine. Pain intensity was assessed 2 and 24 hours postoperatively, along with the need for rescue analgesia (trimeperidine or tramadol) and the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus, urinary retention requiring bladder catheterization, and delayed respiratory depression.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Two hours after surgery, pain intensity was lowest in the intercostal nerve block group (4 [3–4] cm on the visual analog scale [VAS]) and slightly higher in the intrathecal morphine group (4 [4–5] cm on the VAS). Both groups demonstrated a significantly greater analgesic effect compared with the systemic opioid analgesia group (6 [5–6] cm on the VAS; p &lt; 0.001). At 24 hours postoperatively, pain intensity in group 1 decreased to 3 [2–3] cm on the VAS, whereas in group 2 it increased to 6 [5–6] cm, comparable with group 3 (6 [5–6] cm; p &lt; 0.001). Trimeperidine consumption was significantly lower in group 1 (p &lt; 0.001). The frequency of tramadol administration was also reduced (p &lt; 0.001). The highest incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was observed in group 2 (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of pruritus and urinary retention did not differ significantly among groups. No cases of delayed respiratory depression were reported.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Intrathecal administration of morphine significantly reduced pain intensity, decreased the need for opioid analgesics, and was associated with a low incidence of pruritus within the first 24 hours after surgery. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower compared with both systemic opioid analgesia and intercostal nerve block. The need for urinary catheterization did not differ among groups. No delayed respiratory depression was observed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В торакальной хирургии интенсивность болевого синдрома, связанная с ноцицептивной стимуляцией, обусловленной кожным разрезом, травмой мышц, ретракцией рёбер и рассечением плевры, способствует центральной сенсибилизации и формированию сильной боли, особенно в раннем послеоперационном периоде. Субарахноидальное введение морфина является альтернативным опиоидсберегающим методом в рамках концепции мультимодального подхода к лечению острой боли.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold> —<bold> </bold>клиническая оценка анальгетической эффективности субарахноидально вводимого морфина при торакальных операциях.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Обследовано 255 пациентов, которым выполнялась лобэктомия торакоскопическим доступом. Пациентов разделили на три группы: в 1-й группе (<italic>n=</italic>85) использовали субарахноидальное введение морфина, во 2-й группе (<italic>n=</italic>85) — опиоидные анальгетики, в 3-й группе (<italic>n=</italic>85) — межрёберную блокаду ропивакаином. Оценивали интенсивность болевого синдрома через 2 ч и 24 ч после операции, потребность в тримеперидине и трамадоле, частоту развития послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты, кожного зуда, а также задержку мочеиспускания, требующую катетеризации мочевого пузыря, и отсроченную депрессию дыхания.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Уровень болевого синдрома через 2 часа после операции был наименьшим в группе межрёберной блокады: 4 [3–4] см по визуальной аналоговой шкале (ВАШ), немного выше — в группе субарахноидального введения морфина: 4 [4–5] см по ВАШ. Эти группы значимо превосходили по своей анальгетической эффективности группу системной опиоидной анальгезии: 6 [5–6] см по ВАШ, <italic>p &lt;</italic>0,001. Через 24 часа после операции уровень болевого синдрома в 1-й группе снизился до 3 [2–3] см по ВАШ, а во 2-й группе — увеличился до 6 [5–6] см по ВАШ, достигая уровня болевого синдрома пациентов 3-й группы (6 [5–6] см по ВАШ, <italic>p &lt;</italic>0,001). Расход тримеперидина был значимо меньше в 1-й группе (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0,001). В отношении трамадола отмечалось сокращение кратности его применения (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0,001). Наибольший риск развития послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты был во 2-й группе (<italic>p &lt;</italic>0,001). Частота кожного зуда и задержки мочеиспускания значимых различий между группами не имели. Ни в одном случае не наблюдалась отсроченная депрессия дыхания.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Субарахноидальное введение морфина существенно снижало выраженность болевого синдрома, значительно уменьшало потребность в опиоидных анальгетиках и сопровождалось низкой частотой развития кожного зуда в первые сутки после операции. Частота развития послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты была ниже по сравнению с использованием опиоидов и блокады межрёберных нервов. Необходимость катетеризации мочевого пузыря между группами не различалась. Отсроченной депрессии дыхания не наблюдалась ни в одном случае.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opioid-free anesthesia</kwd><kwd>intrathecal administration of morphine</kwd><kwd>postoperative analgesia</kwd><kwd>opioid requirement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>безопиоидная анестезия</kwd><kwd>субарахноидальное введение морфина</kwd><kwd>послеоперационная аналгезия</kwd><kwd>потребность в наркотических анальгетиках</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Dinges HC, Otto S, Stay DK, et al. Side Effect Rates of Opioids in Equianalgesic Doses via Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. 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