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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">641909</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA641909</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">ZYIMTA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Labor pain relief: a narrative review of the current state of the issue</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обезболивание родов — современное состояние вопроса: описательный обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2496-7438</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1167-2539</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shnyakin</surname><given-names>Nikita S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнякин</surname><given-names>Никита Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>snhfromdol@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2820-3160</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3948-2147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aksenenko</surname><given-names>Denis V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аксёненко</surname><given-names>Денис Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Dr.aksenenko@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6439-0022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klimik</surname><given-names>Maria S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Климик</surname><given-names>Мария Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>Mariaklimik1311@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3839-2263</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivannikova</surname><given-names>Yana S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванникова</surname><given-names>Яна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>Yana_iv_banana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8699-1161</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mammaeva</surname><given-names>Patima M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маммаева</surname><given-names>Патима Магдиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>patimamammaeva4@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5575-0572</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukha</surname><given-names>Kristina K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муха</surname><given-names>Кристина Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>kristinapups2020@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8476-4399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maaeva</surname><given-names>Khadizhat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мааева</surname><given-names>Хадиждат Ахмедовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>maaevakhadizhat@icloud.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8553-8058</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Roshchina</surname><given-names>Ulyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рощина</surname><given-names>Ульяна Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>vlasovaulya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7269-699X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lepshokova</surname><given-names>Sofia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лепшокова</surname><given-names>Софья Рашидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>lepshokovasofka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8078-0843</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kachalkina</surname><given-names>Sofia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Качалкина</surname><given-names>Софья Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>kachalkinasofia@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2078-1180</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharlamova</surname><given-names>Lada R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харламова</surname><given-names>Лада Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>Lada_kharlamova@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7070-9528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Udod</surname><given-names>Victoria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удод</surname><given-names>Виктория Андреевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>vikulya-udod@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3577-3224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pustovetov</surname><given-names>Victor M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пустоветов</surname><given-names>Виктор Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>pustov5555_m@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7666-5423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Buyavchikova</surname><given-names>Darya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буявчикова</surname><given-names>Дарья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>dbuyavchikova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Orenburg State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Оренбургский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-04-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-05-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>17</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-14"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-09"><day>09</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/641909">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/641909</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Labor is inherently associated with pain. Pain during childbirth arises from both psychological and physiological processes, including myometrial ischemia and tissue stretching. It is considered one of the most painful physiological events experienced by women and has a direct impact on postpartum quality of life. Although pharmacologic pain relief is widely used in current clinical practice, it is often associated with adverse effects and financial costs. These factors, together with patients’ individual and cultural preferences, may encourage the choice of non-pharmacologic methods. This review summarizes fundamental information and presents recent research findings regarding the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods of labor pain relief. Non-pharmacologic methods activate the body’s endogenous analgesic mechanisms, promote relaxation, reduce anxiety, and enhance birth satisfaction. Their low cost, minimal invasiveness, and absence of significant adverse effects make them an attractive option for many women. These methods can reduce pain intensity and should be integrated into practice when patients prefer to avoid neuraxial analgesia or pharmacologic interventions to ensure a more comfortable labor process. However, limited analgesic efficacy, low prevalence of use, and insufficient knowledge and skills remain barriers to their implementation. Pharmacologic methods of pain relief may be used in patients for whom neuraxial analgesia is contraindicated; however, they are often associated with decreased satisfaction with childbirth, as well as a number of adverse effects (including labor dysfunction, hypotension, elevated body temperature, nausea and vomiting, and prolonged duration of labor) affecting both the mother and the newborn. The choice of analgesic method should be individualized, taking into account maternal preferences, obstetric context, the presence of comorbidities, and their potential impact on labor progression.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Родовая деятельность напрямую сопряжена с болью. Боль во время родов — это следствие как психологических, так и физиологических процессов, включающих ишемию миометрия и растяжение тканей. Роды являются одним из наиболее болезненных физиологических процессов у женщин, оказывающих непосредственное влияние на качество жизни после родоразрешения. Хотя фармакологический подход к обезболиванию родов общепринят в современной практике, он сопряжён с нежелательными реакциями и финансовыми затратами, что в совокупности с личными и культурными предпочтениями пациента может сподвигнуть к выбору нефармакологических методов обезболивания. В обзоре рассмотрены фундаментальные сведения и результаты современных исследований, направленных на оценку преимуществ и недостатков фармакологических и нефармакологических методов обезболивания родов. Нефармакологические методы обезболивания задействуют естественные механизмы обезболивания организма и способствуют расслаблению, снижению уровня тревожности и повышению удовлетворённости родами, а также обладают такими преимуществами, как низкая стоимость, минимальная инвазивность и отсутствие значимых нежелательных реакций, что делает их привлекательным вариантом для ряда женщин. Они могут снижать выраженность болевого синдрома и должны быть интегрированы в практику в случаях, когда пациентки предпочитают избегать нейроаксиальной аналгезии и фармакологических методов обезболивания для обеспечения более комфортного течения родов. Однако недостаточность обезболивающего эффекта, низкая степень распространённости, нехватка знаний и умений создают препятствия для их использования. Фармакологические методы обезболивания могут быть использованы для обезболивания пациенток, которым противопоказано выполнение нейроаксиальной аналгезии, однако зачастую они сопряжены со снижением удовлетворённости родами, а также возникновением ряда нежелательных реакций (дискоординированная родовая деятельность, падение артериального давления, повышение температуры тела, тошнота и рвота, увеличение продолжительности родовой деятельности) как у матери, так и у новорождённого. Выбор метода обезболивания должен учитывать индивидуальные особенности пациенток, акушерскую ситуацию, наличие сопутствующей патологии и её потенциальное влияние на течение родов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>labor pain relief</kwd><kwd>neuraxial analgesia</kwd><kwd>obstetric anesthesia</kwd><kwd>non-pharmacologic pain relief methods</kwd><kwd>obstetrics</kwd><kwd>labor</kwd><kwd>hydrotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обезболивание родов</kwd><kwd>нейроаксиальная аналгезия</kwd><kwd>анестезия в акушерстве</kwd><kwd>нефармакологические методы обезболивания</kwd><kwd>акушерство</kwd><kwd>родовая деятельность</kwd><kwd>гидротерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Upriamova EIu, Krasnopol’skiĭ VI, Shifman EM. Pathophysiological bases of pain syndrome during labor. 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