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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">622889</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA622889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Perioperative neuropathic and positional problems: literature review</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Периоперационные нейропатии и позиционные проблемы: обзор литературы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-9209</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9740-9109</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svirskii</surname><given-names>Dmitrii A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свирский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dsvirskiy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5138-3617</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9673-1896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Paromov</surname><given-names>Konstantin V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Паромов</surname><given-names>Константин Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), anesthesiologist-resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>kp82@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6705-5124</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3499-3430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sokolova</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соколова</surname><given-names>Мария Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры</p></bio><email>sokolita1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8191-1185</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6813-2450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzkov</surname><given-names>Vsevolod V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьков</surname><given-names>Всеволод Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), department professor, anesthesiologist-resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры, врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>v_kuzkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-3374</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2025-8162</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirov</surname><given-names>Mikhail Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киров</surname><given-names>Михаил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Corresponding member of RAS, department head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, заведующий кафедрой</p></bio><email>mikhail_kirov@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Volosevich First City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первая городская клиническая больница им. Е.Е. Волосевич</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>230</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/622889">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/622889</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>At present, an increasing number of specialists prefer the fast-track surgery concept. One of the significant perioperative complications that can affect the rate and quality of postoperative rehabilitation is the development of neuropathy, which can be the result of improper patient positioning on the operating table, and direct intraoperative damage to the nerve / trunk / plexus. Physical (mechanical compression, stretching, and partial / complete intersection of the nerve with a needle, scalpel, or electrode) and chemical (toxicity of local anesthetics and chemically active liquid effects) mechanisms for neuropathy formation can be described. To prevent the development of a neurological deficit, both the anesthesiologist and surgeon must take all the necessary measures to prevent neuropathies and begin appropriate treatment as soon as possible in the case of its occurrence. This article discusses the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the peripheral nerve, mechanisms of compression-ischemic neuropathy formation, and perioperative positional problems. Existing recommendations for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic were assessed and proposed for use not only with conservative therapy methods but also with interventional methods for the treatment of established perioperative neurological complications. A summary table of the possible clinical manifestations of postoperative neuropathic is presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В современном мире всё большее число специалистов отдают предпочтение концепции ранней хирургической реабилитации. Одним из значимых периоперационных осложнений, способных повлиять на скорость и качество послеоперационной реабилитации, является развитие нейропатии, которая может быть следствием как неправильной укладки пациента на операционном столе, так и непосредственного интраоперационного повреждения нерва / ствола / сплетения. Можно выделить физические механизмы формирования нейропатии (механическое сдавление, растяжение, частичное / полное пересечение нерва иглой, скальпелем или электродом) и химические (токсичность местных анестетиков, воздействие химически активных жидкостей). Для предотвращения развития периоперационного неврологического дефицита анестезиолог и хирург должны предпринять все необходимые меры профилактики формирования нейропатий, а в случае её возникновения — как можно раньше начать соответствующее лечение. В статье рассмотрены анатомия, физиология и патофизиология периферического нерва, механизмы формирования компрессионно-ишемических нейропатий и периоперационные позиционные проблемы. Оценены существующие рекомендации по лечению периферических нейропатий и предложены к использованию не только методы консервативной терапии, но и интервенционные способы лечения сформированных периоперационных неврологических осложнений. Представлена сводная таблица возможных клинических проявлений послеоперационных нейропатий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perioperative neuropathy</kwd><kwd>compression-ischemic injury</kwd><kwd>patient positioning</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>периоперационная нейропатия</kwd><kwd>компрессионно-ишемическое повреждение</kwd><kwd>укладка пациента</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorov SA, Kichin VV, Sungurov VA, Likhvantsev VV. Positional disorders in the practice of an anesthesiologist Annals of Critical Care. 2014;(1):20–25. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федоров С.А., Кичин В.В., Сунгуров В.А., Лихванцев В.В. Позиционные нарушения в практике анестезиолога // Вестник интенсивной терапии им. А.И. Салтанова. 2014. № 1. 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