<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42836</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA42836</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Neuraxial anesthesia in obstetric patients with intracranial hypertension: ten questions and answers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Нейроаксиальная анестезия у рожениц с внутричерепной гипертензией: десять вопросов и ответов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifman</surname><given-names>Efim M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифман</surname><given-names>Ефим Муневич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, PhD, DSc, Professor, Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation, M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Scientific and Research Clinical Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии, ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</p></bio><email>eshifman@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arustamyan</surname><given-names>R. R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Арустамян</surname><given-names>Р. Р</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lubnin</surname><given-names>A. U</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лубнин</surname><given-names>А. Ю</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulikov</surname><given-names>A. V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куликов</surname><given-names>А. В</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.F. Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Scientific and Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБУЗ МО «Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова МЗ РФ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.N. Burdenko Scientific Research Neurosurgery Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАУ «Научно-исследовательский институт нейрохирургии им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко МЗ РФ»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО МЗ РФ «Уральский государственный медицинский университет»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 10, NO4 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 10, №4 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>297</fpage><lpage>310</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-08-24"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2020-10-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/42836">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/42836</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This review covers the actual problem - the use of neuraxial anesthesia in obstetrics in women with intracranial hypertension of various etiologies. Neuraxial anesthesia in pregnant patients with intracranial pathology is possible, but this requires an individual approach, a joint discussion of anesthesiologists, obstetricians, neonatologists and neurologists. An assessment of the likelihood of increased intracranial pressure and related potential adverse effects.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Настоящий обзор посвящен актуальной проблеме - применению нейроаксиальной анестезии в акушерстве у женщин с внутричерепной гипертензией различной этиологии. Использование нейроаксиальной анестезии у беременных с различной внутричерепной патологией возможно, однако для этого необходим индивидуальный подход с совместным обсуждением анестезиологами, акушерами, неврологами и неонатологами. Необходима оценка вероятности увеличения ВЧД и связанных с ним потенциальных отрицательных влияний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>intracranial pressure</kwd><kwd>neuraxial anesthesia</kwd><kwd>intracerebral tumors</kwd><kwd>arterial aneurysm</kwd><kwd>arteriovenous malformation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>внутричерепное давление</kwd><kwd>нейроаксиальная анестезия</kwd><kwd>внутримозговая опухоль</kwd><kwd>артериальная аневризма</kwd><kwd>артериовенозная мальформация</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Филиппович Г. В. Осложнения нейроаксиальных методов обезболивания в акушерстве: тридцать вопросов и ответов. Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли. 2006; 1(0): 35-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Филиппович Г.В. Эпидуральная анестезия как метод обезболивания операции кесарева сечения: тридцать вопросов и ответов (часть I). Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли. 2007; I(1): 61-71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Филиппович Г.В. Эпидуральная анестезия как метод обезболивания операции кесарева сечения: тридцать вопросов и ответов (часть II). Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли. 2007; I(2): 83-93.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е. М., Филиппович Г. В. Эпидуральная анестезия как метод обезболивания операции кесарева сечения: тридцать вопросов и ответов (часть III). Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли. 2007; I(3): 57-67.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Флока С.Е. Особенности проведения анестезии у пациенток с заболеваниями нервной системы - безопасны ли нейроаксиальные методы анестезии? Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2010; 3: 63-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Beni-Adani L., Pomeranz S., Flores I., Shoshan Y., Ginosar Y., Ben-Shachar I. Huge acoustic neurinomas presenting in the late stage of pregnancy. Treatment options and review of literature. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001; 80: 179-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Boker A., Ong By. Anesthesia for Cesarean section and posterior fossa craniotomy in a patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Can J Anaesth. 2001; 48: 387-90.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Tewari K.S., Cappuccini F., Asrat, Flamm B.L., Carpenter Se, Disaia P.J., Quilligan E.J. Obstetric emergencies precipitated by malignant brain tumors. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2000; 182: 1215-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Гуменюк Е.Г., Ившин А.А. Диагностика поражений головного мозга у беременных с преэклампсией и эклампсией. Акушерство и гинекология. 2004; 6: 6-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Weerakkody R.A., Czosnyka M., Schuhmann M.U., Schmidt, Keong N., Santarius T., Pickard J.D., Czosnyka Z. Clinical assessment of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in hydrocephalus. Guide to interpretation based on observational study. Acta Neurol Scand. 2011; 124: 85-98.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Mokri B. the Monro-Kellie hypothesis: Applications in CSF volume depletion. Neurology. 2001; 56: 1746-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Гуменюк Е.Г., Ившин А.А. Некоторые вопросы диагностики поражений головного мозга у беременных с преэклампсией и эклампсией. Новости науки и техн. Сер. Мед. Вып. Реаниматология. Интенсивная терапия. Анестезиология / ВИНИТИ. 2003; 2: 13-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Nevo O., Soustiel J.F., Thaler I. Maternal cerebral blood flow during normal pregnancy: a cross-sectional study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 203 (475): 1-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Ившин А.А., Гуменюк Е.Г., Шифман Е.М. Компенсаторные механизмы регуляции мозгового кровообращения при прогрессировании беременности. Журнал Российского общества акушеров-гинекологов. 2004; 4: 26-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Marx G.F., Zemaitis M.T., Orkin L.R. Cerebrospinal fluid pressures during labor and obstetrical anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 1961; 22: 348-54.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Onuki E., Higuchi H., Takagi S. et al. Gestation-related reduction in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid volume and dural sac surface area. Anesth Analg. 2010; 110: 148-53.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Citerio G., Andrews P.J. intracranial pressure. Part two: Clinical applications and technology. Intensive Care Med. 2004; 30: 1882-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Friese S., Hamhaber U., Erb M, Klose U: B-waves in cerebral and spinal cerebrospinal fluid pulsation measurement by magnetic resonance imaging. J Comput Assist tomogr. 2004; 28: 255-62.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Hogan Q.H., Prost R., Kulier A., Taylor M.L., Liu S., Mark L. Magnetic resonance imaging of cerebrospinal fluid volume and the influence of body habitus and abdominal pressure. Anesthesiology. 1996; 84: 1341-49.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Hopkins E.L., Hendricks C.H., Cibils L.A: Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1965; 93: 907-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Grocott H.P., Mutch W.A. Epidural anesthesia and acutely increased intracranial pressure. Lumbar epidural space hydrodynamics in a porcine model. Anesthesiology. 1996; 85: 1086-91.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Galbert M.W., Marx G.F. Extradural pressures in the parturient patient. Anesthesiology. 1974; 40: 499-502.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Hilt H., Gramm H.J., Link J: Changes in intracranial pressure associated with extradural anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1986; 58: 676-80.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Finfer S.R. Management of labour and delivery in patients with intracranial neoplasms. Br J Anaesth.1991; 67: 784-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Qaiser R., Black P. Neurosurgery in pregnancy. Semin Neurol. 2007; 27: 476-81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Stevenson C.B., Thompson R.C. the clinical management of intracranial neoplasms in pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 48: 24-37.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М, Орджоникидзе Н.В., Полянчикова О.Л., Флока С.Е., Бурдули Г.М. и др. Гемангиоперицитома мозжечка, манифестировавшая во время беременности. Клиническое наблюдение с благоприятным исходом. Акушерство и гинекология. 2011; 7/1: 73-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>May A., Fombon F.N., Francis S. UK registry of high-risk obstetric anaesthesia: Report on neurological disease. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2008; 17: 31-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Terauchi M., Kubota T., Aso T., MaeharaT. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2006; 108 (3 Pt 2): 730-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Chang Ly., Carabuena J.M., Camann W. Neurologic issues and obstetric anesthesia. Semin Neurol. 2011; 31: 374-84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz R.B., Feske S.K., Polak J.F. et al. Preeclampsia-eclampsia: Clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Radiology. 2000; 217: 371-6.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>French J.L., McCullough J., Bachra P., Bedforth N.M. transversus abdominis plane block for analgesia after caesarean section in a patient with an intracranial lesion. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2009; 18: 52-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Mamelak A.N., Withers G.J., Wang X. Choriocarcinoma brain metastasis in a patient with viable intrauterine pregnancy. Case report. J Neurosurg. 2002; 97: 477-81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>van Crevel H., Hijdra A., de Gans J. Lumbar puncture and the risk of herniation: When should we first perform Ct? J Neurol. 2002; 249: 129-37; Joffe A.R. Lumbar puncture and brain herniation in acute bacterial meningitis: A review. J intensive Care Med. 2007; 22: 194-207.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Hasbun R., Abrahams J., Jekel J., Quagliarello V.J. Computed tomography of the head before lumbar puncture in adults with suspected meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 1727-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Флока С.Е., Шифман Е.М. Поражение черепно-мозговых нервов после нейроаксиальных методов обезболивания у родильниц. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2007; 2: 58-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Karmaniolou, Petropoulos G., Theodoraki K. Management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension in parturients: Anesthetic considerations. Can J Anaesth 2011; 58: 650-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Alperin N., Ranganathan S., Bagci A.M., Adams D.J., ertl-Wagner B., Saraf-Lavi, Sklar eM., Lam B.L. MRi evidence of impaired CSF homeostasis in obesity-associated idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Am J Neuroradiol. 2013; 34: 29-34.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Aly Е.Е., Lawther B.K. Anaesthetic management of uncontrolled idiopathic intracranial hypertension during labour and delivery using an intrathecal catheter. Anaesthesia. 2007; 62: 178-81.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Kaul B., Vallejo M.C., Ramanathan S., Mandell G.L., Krohner R.G. Accidental spinal analgesia in the presence of a lumboperitoneal shunt in an obese parturient receiving enoxaparin therapy. Anesth Analg .2002; 95: 441-3.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Heckathorn J., Cata J.P., Barsoum S. Intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean delivery via a subarachnoid drain in a woman with benign intracranial hypertension. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2010; 19: 109-11.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Kim K., Orbegozo M. Epidural anesthesia for cesarean section in a parturient with pseudotumor cerebri and lumboperitoneal shunt. J Clin Anesth. 2000; 12: 213-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Worrell J., Lane S. Impact of pseudotumor cerebri (idiopathic intracranial hypertension) in pregnancy: A case report. AANAJ. 2007; 75: 199-204.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Hollister N., Todd C., Ball S., thorp-Jones D, Coghill J: Minimising the risk of accidental dural puncture with epidural analgesia for labour: A retrospective review of risk factors. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2012; 21: 236-41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Cruickshank R.H., Hopkinson J.M. Fluid flow through dural puncture sites. An in vitro comparison of needle point types. Anaesthesia. 1989; 44: 415-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Angle P.J., Kronberg Je., Thompson D.E., Ackerley C., Szalai J.P., Duffin J, Faure P. Dural tissue trauma and cerebrospinal fluid leak after epidural needle puncture: effect of needle design, angle, and bevel orientation. Anesthesiology. 2003; 99: 1376-82.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Grant R., Condon B., Hart I., Teasdale G.M. Changes in intracranial CSF volume after lumbar puncture and their relationship to post-LP headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1991; 54: 440-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Warwick Wi, Neal J.M. Beyond spinal headache: Prophylaxis and treatment of low-pressure headache syndromes. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007; 32: 455-61.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Atanassoff P.G., Alon e, Weiss B.M., Lauper U. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section in a patient with brain neoplasma. Can J Anaesth. 1994; 41: 163-4.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Innamaa A., Deering P., Powell M.C. Advanced lung cancer presenting with a generalized seizure in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2006; 85: 1148-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Sut M., Lan C.M., Yang L.C., Leet C., Wang K.W., Hung K.S. Brain tumor presenting with fatal herniation following delivery under epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology. 2002; 96: 508-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Goroszeniuk, Howard R.S., Wright Jt. The management of labour using continuous lumbar epidural analgesia in a patient with a malignant cerebral tumour. Anaesthesia. 1986; 41: 1128-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Bharti N., Kashyap L., Mohan V.K. Anesthetic management of a parturient with cerebellopontine-angle meningioma. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2002; 11: 219-21.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Wang L.P., Paech M.J. Neuroanesthesia for the pregnant woman. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107: 193-200.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Davie C.A., O’Brien P. Stroke and pregnancy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008; 79: 240-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>D’Haese J., Christiaens F., D’Haens J., Camu F. Combined cesarean section and clipping of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: A case report. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1997; 9: 341-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Stoodley M.A., Macdonald R.L., Weir B.K. Pregnancy and intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1998; 9: 549-5689.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Dias M.S., Sekhar L.N. Intracranial hemorrhage from aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations during pregnancy and the puerperium. Neurosurgery. 1990; 27: 855-65.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Horton J.C., Chambers W.A., Lyons S.L., Adams R.D., Kjellberg R.N. Pregnancy and the risk of hemorrhage from cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. 1990; 27: 867-71.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Tiel Groenestege A., Rinkel G.J., van der Bom J.G., Algra A., Klijn C.J. the risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during pregnancy, delivery, and the puerperium in the Utrecht population: Case-crossover study and standardized incidence ratio estimation. Stroke. 2009; 40: 1148-51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Bateman B., Olbrecht V.A., Berman M.F., Minehart R.D., Schwamm L.H., Leffert L.R. Peripartum subarachnoid hemorrhage: Nationwide data and institutional experience. Anesthesiology. 2012; 116: 324-33.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Whitburn R.H., Laishley R.S., Jewkes D.A. Anaesthesia for simultaneous caesarean section and clipping of intracerebral aneurysm. Br J Anaesth. 1990; 64: 642-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Gross B.A., Du R. Hemorrhage from arteriovenous malformations during pregnancy. Neurosurgery. 2012; 71: 349-55.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Le L., Wendling A. Anesthetic management for cesarean section in a patient with rupture of a cerebellar arteriovenous malformation. J Clin Anesth. 2009; 21:143-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B65"><label>65.</label><mixed-citation>Шифман Е.М., Куликов А.В., Лубнин А.Ю., Дробинская А.Н., Флока С.Е. Интракраниальные артериовенозные мальформации во время беременности, родов и послеродового периода. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2014; 1: 85-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B66"><label>66.</label><mixed-citation>Elias M., Abouleish E., Bhandari A. Arteriovenous malformation during pregnancy and labor-Case review and management. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2001; 16: 231-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B67"><label>67.</label><mixed-citation>Viscomi C.M., Wilson J., Bernstein. Anesthetic management of a parturient with an incompletely resected cerebral arteriovenous malformation. Reg Anesth. 1997; 22: 192-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B68"><label>68.</label><mixed-citation>Sharma S.K., Herrerae R., Sidawi Je., Leveno K.J. The pregnant patient with an intracranial arteriovenous malformation. Cesarean or vaginal delivery using regional or general anesthesia? Reg Anesth. 1995; 20: 455-8.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B69"><label>69.</label><mixed-citation>O’Connor K., Rees S.G. Anaesthetic management for caesarean section in moyamoya disease. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2007; 16: 94.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B70"><label>70.</label><mixed-citation>Dutta B., Dehran M., Sinha R. Anaesthetic management of a parturient with moyamoya disease. Singapore Med J. 2011; 52: e108-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B71"><label>71.</label><mixed-citation>Thomas J.S., Koh S.H., Cooper G.M. Haemodynamic effects of oxytocin given as i.v. bolus or infusion on women undergoing Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2007; 98: 116-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B72"><label>72.</label><mixed-citation>Thiagarajah S., Lear E., Azar I. The effects of oxytocin on intracranial pressure. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 1991; 3: 270-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B73"><label>73.</label><mixed-citation>Chang L., Looi-Lyons L., Bartosik L., Tindal S. Anesthesia for cesarean section in two patients with brain tumours. Can J Anaesth. 1999; 46: 61-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B74"><label>74.</label><mixed-citation>Svanstrom M.C., Biber B., Hanes M., Johansson G., Naslund U., Balfors E.M. Signs of myocardial ischaemia after injection of oxytocin: a randomized double-blind comparison of oxytocin and methylergometrine during Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth. 2008; 100: 683-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B75"><label>75.</label><mixed-citation>Klein J.P., Hsu L. Neuroimaging during pregnancy. Semin Neurol. 2011; 31: 361-73.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
