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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">191382</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA191382</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of epidural blockade on immune parameters in the perioperative period: randomized controlled study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние эпидуральной блокады на некоторые показатели иммунитета в периоперационном периоде: рандомизированное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6555-7369</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1731-5376</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Avetisian</surname><given-names>Vaagn A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аветисян</surname><given-names>Ваагн Ашотович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>anesthesiologist-resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>vaagnavetisian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0271-4643</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1713-7653</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ezugbaia</surname><given-names>Beka S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эзугбая</surname><given-names>Бека Сосоевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>ezugbaia.b.s@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3400-8989</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6101-0578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Koriachkin</surname><given-names>Victor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корячкин</surname><given-names>Виктор Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>vakoryachkin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6127-0798</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6726-2571</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zabolotskii</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заболотский</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>zdv4330303@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0960-7426</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4863-8066</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Safin</surname><given-names>Rustam R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафин</surname><given-names>Рустам Рафильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>safin_r.r@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital N 1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НИИ – Краевая клиническая больница № 1 им. проф. С.В. Очаповского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Turner National Medical Research Center for Сhildren’s Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ детской травматологии и ортопедии им. Г.И. Турнера</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-04-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-02-04"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-20"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Avetisian V.A., Ezugbaia B.S., Koriachkin V.A., Zabolotskii D.V., Safin R.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Аветисян В.А., Эзугбая Б.С., Корячкин В.А., Заболотский Д.В., Сафин Р.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Avetisian V.A., Ezugbaia B.S., Koriachkin V.A., Zabolotskii D.V., Safin R.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Аветисян В.А., Эзугбая Б.С., Корячкин В.А., Заболотский Д.В., Сафин Р.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-04-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/191382">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/191382</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> The potential benefits of anaesthesia techniques in the parameters of cellular immunity and prevention of metastasis in various types of cancer are attracting increasing attention.</p> <p><bold><italic>OBJECTIVE:</italic></bold> Our aim was to estimate the influence of the epidural blockade as a component of the anesthesia support on the immunity indexes in the patients operated for gastric cancer.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><bold>:</bold> 89 patients operated on for gastric cancer, divided into two groups were investigated: in the 1st group (<italic>n</italic>=27) there was general anesthesia (GA) in combination with extended epidural blockade; in the 2nd group (<italic>n</italic>=24) — GA with postoperative intravenous administration of analgesics. T-cell counts (CD3+, CD4+ CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, INF-y and TNF-a) were determined.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> The CD3+ T-cell levels in both groups were significantly (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05) reduced immediately after surgery. On the 2nd and 3rd day the decrease in CD3+ T-cells was more pronounced (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05) in the 2nd group compared to the 1st group. The content of CD4+ T-cells decreased by the 1st day of the postoperative period (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) but then gradually increased, the CD4+ level in the 1st group was significantly (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05) higher than in the 2nd group. The changes of CD8+ content between the studied groups were not statistically significant. The immunoregulatory index in both groups decreased by1st day (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05). On the 9th day the index in the 1st group returned to the basic values, while in the 2nd group it remained significantly lower. On the 1st and 3rd day, the levels of IL-4 and IL-6 significantly (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05) increased, while in the 2nd group the levels were higher than in the 1st group (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05). On the 9th day IL-4 and IL-6 indices returned to their initial values. The changes of IL-10 level had a similar pattern, while in the 1st group the rate was significantly higher (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05). At all stages of investigation, the level of IFN-γ was significantly (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05) higher in the 2nd group, the level of TNF-α was higher in the 1st group (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION: </italic></bold>The use of postoperative epidural analgesia during gastric resection for malignant neoplasm is associated with a less suppressive effect on the content of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes and cytokines in comparison with intravenous administration of analgesics and may contribute to the activation of antitumor immune response. Prospective long-term studies are needed to evaluate physician epidural analgesia for oncological outcomes after surgery for gastric cancer.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Потенциальные преимущества методов анестезии в отношении показателей клеточного иммунитета и предупреждения метастазирования при различных типах рака привлекают всё большее внимание.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель.</italic></bold> Оценить влияние эпидуральной блокады как компонента анестезиологического обеспечения на показатели иммунитета у пациентов, перенёсших операцию по поводу рака желудка.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> Обследованы 89 пациентов, оперированных по поводу рака желудка. Пациенты разделены на 2 группы: в 1-й группе (<italic>n</italic>=27) использовали многокомпонентную общую анестезию в сочетании с продлённой эпидуральной блокадой, во 2-й (<italic>n</italic>=24) — многокомпонентную общую анестезию с послеоперационным внутривенным введением анальгетиков. Определяли содержание Т-клеток (CD3+, CD4+ CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) и цитокинов (IL-4, -6, -10, IFN-y и TNF-α).</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты. </italic></bold>Уровни Т-клеток CD3+ в обеих группах значимо (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) снижались сразу после окончания операции. На 2-е и 3-и сут снижение содержания Т-клеток CD3+ во 2-й группе было более выражено (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) по сравнению с 1-й группой. Содержание Т-клеток CD4+ снижалось к 1-м сут послеоперационного периода (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05), затем прогрессивно возрастало, причём уровень CD4+ в 1-й группе был статистически значимо (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) выше, чем во 2-й группе. Изменения содержания CD8+ между исследуемыми группами не достигли статистической значимости. Иммунорегуляторный индекс в обеих группах снижался к 1-м сут (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05). На 9-е сут в 1-й группе показатель возвращался к исходным значениям, а во 2-й — оставался значимо (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) ниже. В 1-е и в 3-и сут содержание IL-4 и IL-6 достоверно (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) возрастало, при этом во 2-й группе показатели были выше, чем в 1-й. На 9-е сут показатели IL-4 и IL-6 возвращались к исходным значениям. Аналогичную направленность имели и изменения уровня IL-10, причём в 1-й группе показатель оказался значимо (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) выше. На всех этапах исследования уровень IFN-γ был статистически значимо (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05) выше во 2-й группе, а содержание TNF-α — в 1-й группе (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05).</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Использование послеоперационной эпидуральной аналгезии при резекции желудка по поводу злокачественного новообразования сопряжено с меньшим супрессивным влиянием в отношении содержания субпопуляций Т-лимфоцитов и цитокинов по сравнению с внутривенным введением анальгетиков и может способствовать активации противоопухолевого иммунного ответа. Необходимы проспективные лонгитюдные исследования для оценки влияния эпидуральной аналгезии на онкологические исходы после операции по поводу рака желудка.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epidural analgesia</kwd><kwd>general anesthesia</kwd><kwd>T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эпидуральная аналгезия</kwd><kwd>общая многокомпонентная анестезия</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019;69(1):7–34. doi: 10.3322/caac.21551</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Siegel R.L., Miller K.D., Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019 // CA Cancer J Clin. 2019. Vol. 69, N 1. 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