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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110790</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA110790</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spinal anesthesia during caesarean section in parturients with gestational diabetes: prospective controlled non-randomized study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Особенности спинальной анестезии во время операции кесарева сечения у рожениц с гестационным сахарным диабетом: проспективное контролируемое нерандомизированное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7472-3733</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4926-0550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degtyaryov</surname><given-names>Evgeny N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегтярёв</surname><given-names>Евгений Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>dormicumtrade@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6113-8498</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4582-8494</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shifman</surname><given-names>Efim M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шифман</surname><given-names>Ефим Муневич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>dormicumtrade@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6623-9637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Snezhko</surname><given-names>Vera D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Снежко</surname><given-names>Вера Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>anesthesiologist-resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>dormicumtrade@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0555-848X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5924-3146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhukоvets</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жуковец</surname><given-names>Ирина Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>dormicumtrade@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5138-3791</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9435-3196</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khodus</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ходус</surname><given-names>Сергей Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.); associate professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>dormicumtrade@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mukhin City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница им. Е.О. Мухина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky National Medical Research Center of Surgery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">НМИЦ хирургии им. А.В. Вишневского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Amur State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Амурская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-02-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>303</fpage><lpage>312</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-06"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-30"><day>30</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Degtyaryov E.N., Shifman E.M., Snezhko V.D., Zhukоvets I.V., Khodus S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Дегтярёв Е.Н., Шифман Е.М., Снежко В.Д., Жуковец И.В., Ходус С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Degtyaryov E.N., Shifman E.M., Snezhko V.D., Zhukоvets I.V., Khodus S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дегтярёв Е.Н., Шифман Е.М., Снежко В.Д., Жуковец И.В., Ходус С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-19"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/110790">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/110790</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND:</italic></bold> Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the incidence of cesarean section (CS) to 57.4%. Chronic high blood glucose levels can affect opioid receptors and neurotransmitter metabolism. Pregnant women with GDM require more analgesics and consumed more opioids in the immediate postoperative period after CS than patients without GDM. Thus, in parturients with GDM, the features of the spinal anesthesia (SA) course during CD surgery and the postoperative course remain not fully understood.</p> <p><bold><italic>OBJECTIVE:</italic></bold> To assess SA during CS in parturients with GDM.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS AND METHODS:</italic></bold> A prospective controlled study was conducted. The study group included patients with compensated GDM, excluding the criteria for “manifest” diabetes. The control group included patients without carbohydrate metabolism impairment. The inclusion criteria were as follows: SA, full-term and singleton pregnancy, elective CS, age 15–25 years, normal venous blood glucose levels in the morning before surgery, parity of pregnancy, and childbirth. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥IV, inadequate SA requiring the administration of drugs for general anesthesia, severe extragenital pathology, preeclampsia and eclampsia, insulin therapy, and use of oral hypoglycemic agents. After SA induction, Bromage motor block and sensory block were assessed.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold> Sensory block was achieved in 53% after 3 min, 84% after 4 min, and 100% of the patients in the control group after 5 min. In the GDM group, the threshold of 50% was reached after 7 min, and in all patients, sensory block was noted after 10 min. In the assessment of motor block by Bromage, all patients in the control group achieved motor block after 5 min, whereas in the GDM group, only 77.5% achieved motor block.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold> Our results suggest that with SA during CS in patients with GDM, compared with parturients without carbohydrate metabolism alteration, the rates of sensory and motor block development decreased. Differences in pain intensity were noted after the early postoperative period, and significant pain sensations in the GDM group are manifested on average 60 min earlier than that in the non-GDM group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold><italic>Обоснование.</italic></bold> Гестационный сахарный диабет (ГСД) увеличивает частоту выполнения операции кесарева сечения (КС) до 57,4٪. Хронический высокий уровень глюкозы в плазме крови может влиять на опиоидные рецепторы и метаболизм нейромедиаторов. Беременные с ГСД нуждаются в большем количестве анальгетиков и демонстрируют более высокое потребление опиоидов в ближайшем послеоперационном периоде после КС, чем пациентки без ГСД. Таким образом, у рожениц с ГСД остаются не до конца изученными особенности течения спинальной анестезии (СА) во время операции, а также течение послеоперационного периода.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель. </italic></bold>Изучить особенности проведения СА во время операции КС у рожениц с ГСД.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы.</italic></bold> Проведено проспективное контролируемое исследование. Исследуемая группа включала 41 пациентку с компенсированным ГСД, не соответствующим критериям «манифестного» сахарного диабета. В контрольную группу вошли 109 пациенток без нарушений углеводного обмена. Критерии включения пациенток в исследование: СА, доношенная и одноплодная беременность, плановые операции КС, возраст от 15 до 25 лет включительно, нормальный уровень глюкозы в венозной крови утром перед операцией, паритет беременности и родов первый. Критерии исключения: физический статус пациенток по классификации ASA ≥IV, неадекватная СА, требующая введения препаратов для общей анестезии, тяжёлая экстрагенитальная патология, преэклампсия и эклампсия, инсулинотерапия и применение пероральных гипогликемических средств. После выполнения СА проводили оценку моторного (по шкале Bromage) и сенсорного блока (булавочный тест).</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты.</italic></bold> Cенсорный блок через 3 мин был достигнут у 53٪, через 4 мин — у 84%, через 5 мин — у всех пациенток контрольной группы. В группе пациенток с ГСД порог 50٪ был достигнут через 7 мин, у всех 100% пациенток сенсорный блок отмечен через 10 мин. Оценка моторного блока по Bromage через 5 мин показала, что в контрольной группе он развился у всех пациенток, в то время как в группе пациенток с ГСД — у 77,5% женщин.</p> <p><bold><italic>Заключение.</italic></bold> Полученные нами результаты позволяют утверждать, что при СА во время КС у пациенток с ГСД по сравнению с роженицами без нарушений углеводного обмена снижается скорость развития сенсорного и моторного блока. Нами показаны различия в оценке болевого синдрома в раннем послеоперационном периоде: значимые болевые ощущения в группе с ГСД проявляются в среднем на 60 мин раньше по сравнению с пациентками без него.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spinal anesthesia</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>C-section</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спинальная анестезия</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Gestatsionnyi sakharnyi diabet. Diagnostika, lechenie, akusherskaya taktika, poslerodovoe nablyudenie. Moscow; 2020. Available from: http://niiomm.ru/attachments/article/523. Accessed: 07.02.2023. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Клинические рекомендации. Гестационный сахарный диабет. 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