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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Регионарная анестезия и лечение острой боли</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1993-6508</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1394</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">107956</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/RA107956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modified technique for proximal subclavicular brachial plexus block: study on unfixed cadavers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Модифицированная методика проксимальной подключичной блокады плечевого сплетения: исследование на нефиксированных трупах</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-597X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5316-4617</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsvetkov</surname><given-names>Vasiliy G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цветков</surname><given-names>Василий Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>senior resident</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший ординатор</p></bio><email>vasilii_cvetkov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6819-9691</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7261-9985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakhin</surname><given-names>Roman E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лахин</surname><given-names>Роман Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., доцент</p></bio><email>doctor-lahin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-439X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4107-6860</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolev</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щёголев</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерианович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор</p></bio><email>alekseischegolev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5144-3360</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5955-7492</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shustrov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шустров</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shustrov@anesthvmeda.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-0685</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7133-0503</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsygankov</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганков</surname><given-names>Кирилл Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н.</p></bio><email>doctorcygankov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия имени С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-09-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>276</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-05-16"><day>16</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-09-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/107956">https://rjraap.com/1993-6508/article/view/107956</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> The proximal subclavian brachial plexus block is performed deep and posterior to the midpoint of the clavicle. Only a few studies evaluated the spread of local anesthetic when using a proximal subclavian approach to the brachial plexus. We performed a cadaveric study to evaluate the spread of the injection after performing proximal subclavian brachial plexus block using ultrasound navigation.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> To examine the spread of the stained solution in unfixed corpses, when it is administered using a modified technique of proximal subclavian access to the brachial plexus using ultrasound navigation.</p> <p><bold><italic>MATERIALS AND METHODS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> Six ultrasound-guided injections were performed on three unfixed cadavers using 20 ml of a colored solution. The brachial plexus and its branches were distinguished from the level of the midpoint of the clavicle to the upper third of the shoulder. The boundaries of ink distribution in relation to the bundles and terminal branches of the brachial plexus from the intersection of the upper edge of the clavicle to the upper parts of the axillary region were assessed.</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS</italic></bold><italic>: </italic>In all cases of dye spread, the lateral, posterior, and medial bundles of the brachial plexus were stained. Terminal branch staining varied and was limited to the proximal portions of these nerves. The dye spread to the interstellar space in 2 (33%) out of 6 (100%) injections and to the level of the upper edge of the clavicle in 4 (67%) injections. The axillary and radial nerves were stained in all injections, and the ulnar nerve was stained in 4 (67%) of 6 (100%) injections. The musculocutaneous and median nerves were stained in only 2 (33%) of 6 (100%) injections. No phrenic nerve staining was observed in any case.</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSIONS</italic></bold><italic>:</italic> On the basis of experiment results on unfixed cadavers, injection using a modified ultrasound-guided proximal subclavian approach can fill the fascial sheath surrounding the brachial plexus with the injection material, thus causing the dye to spread around all bundles of the brachial plexus to supraclavicular space. Additional research is needed to assess whether high injection volumes or multiple injection sites can affect distribution.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Блокада плечевого сплетения в проксимальной подключичной области выполняется глубже и кзади от средней точки ключицы. Имеются ограниченные данные, оценивающие распространение местного анестетика при использовании проксимального подключичного доступа к плечевому сплетению.</p> <p><bold><italic>Цель</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Изучить распространение окрашенного раствора у нефиксированных трупов при его введении по модифицированной методике проксимального подключичного доступа к плечевому сплетению с использованием ультразвуковой навигации.</p> <p><bold><italic>Материалы и методы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> На трёх нефиксированных трупах были выполнены 6 инъекций под ультразвуковым контролем с использованием 20 мл окрашенного раствора. Плечевое сплетение и его ветви были выделены от уровня средней точки ключицы до верхней трети плеча. Оценивались границы распределения чернил по отношению к пучкам и конечным ветвям плечевого сплетения от пресечения ими верхнего края ключицы и до верхних отделов подмышечной области.</p> <p><bold><italic>Результаты</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Инъекции показали, что во всех случаях распространения красителя латеральный, задний и медиальный пучки плечевого сплетения были окрашены. Окрашивание концевых ветвей варьировалось и ограничивалось проксимальными участками этих нервов. Краситель распространился до уровня межлестничного промежутка в 2 (33%) из 6 (100%) инъекций; в 4 (67%) инъекциях краситель распространялся до уровня верхнего края ключицы соответственно. Подмышечный нерв и лучевой нерв были окрашены во всех инъекциях, локтевой нерв был окрашен в 4 (67%) из 6 (100%) инъекций. Мышечно-кожный нерв и срединный нерв были окрашены только в 2 (33%) из 6 (100%) инъекций. Ни в одном случае не было отмечено окрашивание диафрагмального нерва.</p> <p><bold><italic>Выводы</italic></bold><italic>.</italic> Это исследование, выполненное на нефиксированных трупах, показало, что инъекция, сделанная с использованием модифицированной методики проксимального подключичного доступа под ультразвуковым контролем, позволяет заполнить фасциальный футляр, окружающий плечевое сплетение, инъекционным материалом, что приводит к распространению красителя вокруг всех пучков плечевого сплетения с переходом в надключичное пространство. Необходимы дополнительные исследования, чтобы оценить, могут ли большие объёмы инъекций или несколько мест инъекций повлиять на распространение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>regional anesthesia</kwd><kwd>brachial plexus</kwd><kwd>ultrasound navigation</kwd><kwd>supraclavicular access</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>регионарная анестезия</kwd><kwd>плечевое сплетение</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковая навигация</kwd><kwd>надключичный доступ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mamaeva EG. A new way to block the brachial plexus. Russian journal of Anaesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2006;(4):19–21. (In Russ).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мамаева Е.Г. Новый способ блокады плечевого сплетения // Анестезиология и реаниматол. 2006 № 4. 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