Changes in the electroretinogram of compound eyes of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. upon ocelli shielding

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The cockroach visual system comprises compound eyes with photoreceptors of two spectral classes and ocelli – simple eyes consisting of green-sensitive photoreceptors. Using the method of non-invasive electroretinogram (ERG) recording from both compound eyes, it was shown that shielding of both ocelli leads to a significant alteration of ERG parameters, namely, an increase in the amplitude of responses to short-wavelength stimuli of saturating intensity and a slowing down of responses to both short-wavelength and long-wavelength light. Ocelli estimating the total light level modulate the functioning of photoreceptors of compound eyes at night, under low-light conditions, by increasing the summation time of light entering the eye to generate a response.

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作者简介

Е. Novikova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

B. Skiba

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint Petersburg State University

Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg; St. Petersburg

A. Puyto

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

L. Astakhova

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

A. Rotov

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

M. Zhukovskaya

Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: mzhukovskaya@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Light absorption spectrum of black wax plasticine applied to transparent plastic in a 0.5 mm layer.

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3. Fig. 2. ERG parameters. A1 is the response amplitude, A2 is the overshoot, Tpeak is the time to the peak of the response. The exponential approximation of the recovery phase is shown by the dotted line. The average response to a 10 ms UV stimulus with an intensity of 1.8 1010 photons/mm2/ms is shown.

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4. Fig. 3. ERG amplitude recorded from compound eyes in response to 10 ms stimuli of increasing intensity (a, c) and stimuli of maximum intensity with increasing duration (b, d). Stimulation with green (a, b) and UV (c, d) light. Means and errors of the mean are shown. Experimental group, n = 15, control, n = 16. Statistical comparisons by the ANOVA method are given here and below in the text.

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5. Fig. 4. Time to ERG peak in cockroaches in response to 10 ms stimuli of increasing intensity (a, c) and stimuli of maximum intensity with increasing duration (b, d). Stimulation with green (a, b) and UV (c, d) light. Means and errors of the mean are shown. Experimental group, n = 15, control, n = 16. Asterisks indicate differences from the control for individual intensities: * – P < 0.05, Student’s t-test.

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6. Fig. 5. An example of approximation of the recovery phase of the averaged responses of the compound eyes of cockroaches for 10 ms stimuli of maximum intensity: a – green light 8.4 108 photons/mm2/ms, b – UV 1.1 1011 photons/mm2/ms. The means and errors of the means are shown.

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7. Fig. 6. The photoresponse recovery time constant of compound eyes (τrecov) for responses to 10 ms flashes of green (8.2 107 – 8.4 108 photons/mm2/ms, n = 61 in control and n = 53 with shielded ocelles) and UV light (2.9 109 – 1.1 1011 photons/mm2/ms, n = 80 in control and n = 75 with shielded ocelles). Means and errors of the mean are shown. Asterisks indicate differences from the control: *** – P < 0.001, Student’s t-test.

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8. Fig. 7. Recorded voltage 1 second after the onset of stimulation (overshoot) for 10 ms stimuli of increasing intensity (a, c) and stimuli of maximum intensity with increasing duration (b, d). Stimulation with green (a, b) and UV (c, d) light. Means and errors of the mean are shown.

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