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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Genetics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Генетика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0016-6758</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">3034-5103</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">The Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">700410</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S3034510325120026</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ И ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Present-Day Computer-Aided Primer Designing Tools for Non-Coding RNA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫЕ ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ДИЗАЙНА ПРАЙМЕРОВ ДЛЯ НЕКОДИРУЮЩИХ РНК</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yanishevskaya</surname><given-names>M. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Янишевская</surname><given-names>М. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>yanishevskaya@urcrm.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Blinova</surname><given-names>E. A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинова</surname><given-names>Е. А</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>-</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Southern Urals Federal Research and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics of the FMBA</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Южно-Уральский федеральный научно-клинический центр медицинской биофизики ФМБА России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chelyabinsk State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Челябинский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>12</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 61, NO12 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 61, №12 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>20</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-08"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Российская академия наук</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Russian Academy of Sciences</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Российская академия наук</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjraap.com/0016-6758/article/view/700410">https://rjraap.com/0016-6758/article/view/700410</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA that play the pivotal role in post-transcriptional regulation of expression of genes involved in the control of fundamental cellular processes. Their high diagnostic yield and predictive value in various human diseases predetermined the need for highly specific design of primers for qualitative analysis of the expression of a variety of microRNA. Designing the primers for qualitative assessment of microRNA expression is a challenge in terms of methodology due to short matrix and high homology between the family members. Quite often conventional tools, initially aimed at longer targets, are not efficient enough when working with shorter sequences of mature microRNA. That is why, specialized platforms have been created that are adapted to unique structural and functional properties of microRNA. These platforms ensure exact design of primers that can be reproduced. Current review considers present-day computer-aided software tools specially developed to design primers for short non-coding RNA with emphasis on their functional characteristics and ability to design primers for most commonly used method of qualitative assessment of microRNA expression – Stem-loop RT-PCR.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>МикроРНК (миРНК) представляют собой класс некодирующих РНК, играющих ключевую роль в посттранскрипционной регуляции экспрессии генов, участвующих в контроле фундаментальных клеточных процессов. Их высокая диагностическая и прогностическая значимость при различных заболеваниях человека обусловила потребность в высокоспецифичном дизайне праймеров для количественной оценки экспрессии множества миРНК. Проектирование праймеров для количественного анализа экспрессии миРНК представляет собой методологически сложную задачу в связи с короткой длиной матрицы и высокой гомологией между членами семейств. Стандартные инструменты, изначально ориентированные на более длинные мишени, часто оказываются недостаточно эффективными при работе с короткими последовательностями зрелых миРНК. По этой причине были созданы специализированные платформы, адаптированные под уникальные структурные и функциональные особенности миРНК, обеспечивающие точный и воспроизводимый дизайн праймеров. В обзоре рассматриваются современные автоматизированные программные инструменты, специально разработанные для проектирования праймеров к коротким некодирующим РНК, с акцентом на их функциональные характеристики и пригодность для конструирования праймеров к наиболее распространенному методу количественного анализа экспрессии миРНК – Stem-loop ОТ-ПЦР.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>RT-PCR</kwd><kwd>stem-loop</kwd><kwd>primers</kwd><kwd>design</kwd><kwd>software</kwd><kwd>web-tool</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>ОТ-ПЦР</kwd><kwd>stem-loop</kwd><kwd>праймеры</kwd><kwd>дизайн</kwd><kwd>программное обеспечение</kwd><kwd>web-инструмент</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование работы осуществлялось в рамках прикладной научно-исследовательской работы по теме: «Создание системы управления биобанкинтом для молекулярно-генетического изучения лучевой патологии человека» (шифр: «Депозит 2025»)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lee R.C., Feinbaum R.L., Ambros V. 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